Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

水力发电学报

Office Online

Included Databases

The journal is included in the following databases:
(i)Scopus,
(ii)The Chinese Science Citation Database Source Journals,
(iii)The Chinese Science Journal Abstract Database,
(iv)The Chinese Science and Technology Papers Statistics and Analysis Database,
(v)China Newspaper Subscription Guide Information Database,
(vi)Chinese Academic Journals (CD).


2024 Vol. 43, No. 8 Published: 2024-08-25

	1	Review of research progress on long-life hydraulic concrete structural materials ^Hot!
		JIANG Jinyang
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240801
		Concrete is a key basic material for the construction of hydraulic and hydropower projects in China. However, as a typical porous medium material, it is prone to ionic erosion, product corrosion, and matrix cracking in the environment of hydraulic engineering, leading to corroded reinforcement and reduced structural bearing capacity. At present, the existing concrete materials are difficult to satisfy the requirements by the design of long-life, high-quality projects in hydraulic and hydropower engineering in the western plateau or the southern coastal regions. This paper first summarizes the damage mechanism and challenges faced by traditional hydraulic concrete structural materials under severe environments, and then discusses in detail the long-life design method and performance enhancement mechanism of these concrete materials. Finally, we give an outlook on the future application and development of artificial intelligence in the long-life design and use of such materials, so as to provide new methods and new ideas for safe operation and maintenance and long-lasting service of the national major hydraulic and hydropower projects.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 1-13 [Abstract] ( 75 ) PDF (2098 KB) ( 192 )

	14	Experimental study on rock breaking effects of pulsating abrasive water jets ^Hot!
		LIU , ZHANG Jiancheng, ZHANG Bo, LI Biao, WANG Yaxu
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240802
		To investigate the rock-breaking effects of abrasive water jets, an experiment is conducted to test five types of hard rock samples with different strengths under the conditions of a pulsating pure water jet and a pulsating abrasive water jet. Using the size of erosion pits as a measure, we compare the rock-breaking effects of these two jets with those of a continuous pure water jet and a continuous abrasive water jet. The results indicate that in the eroding process, the continuous abrasive water jet mainly relies on the grinding action of abrasive particles, while the pulsating one combines such action with a continuous water hammer effect. In the condition of no abrasive particle in the jet flow, the erosion of a continuous water jet primarily depends on a single water hammer pulse that occurs only at the initial stage of the jet, while a pulsating one generates a sequence of pressure pulses that impact the rock samples continuously, leading to fractured zones in the rock sample.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 14-21 [Abstract] ( 58 ) PDF (6836 KB) ( 93 )

	22	Crack resistance and self-healing experiment of fiber reinforced microbial concrete
		MENG Yongdong, CHENG Lin, XU Xiaowei, CAI Zhenglong, TIAN Bin
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240803
		To explore the effect of fiber on the self-healing effect of microbial concrete cracks, polyacrylonitrile fiber is selected and incorporated into microbial concrete; an experiment is conducted to test the mechanical properties of microbial concrete blended with fiber, its crack permeability, and the residual crack width during its self-healing cure. The results show the concrete specimen with a fiber content of 1.5 kg/m3 has a splitting tensile strength that recovers to 95.1% of that of the specimen without microbial carrier. After 28 days, the permeability coefficient of the specimen with an average crack width of 0.43 mm is lowered from 3.35×10-5 m/s to 3.40×10-6 m/s, or a relative decrease of 89.9%. The maximum width of cracks that can self heal is 0.82 mm. The incorporation of fiber into microbial self-healing concrete effectively improves its crack resistance and enhances the self-healing effect of cracks.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 22-31 [Abstract] ( 47 ) PDF (2487 KB) ( 72 )

	32	Risk assessment of check dam breaching caused by rainfall-flooding-sedimentation interaction
		WANG Lin, CHU Zhenxiong, XUE Yifeng, HE Xiaoliang, LI Jing
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240804
		Once encountering extreme rainfall, a check dam is highly prone to flooding and collapse, posing a grave threat to downstream communities; a quantitative risk assessment of dam failure caused by its breaching is urgent. Previous studies overlooked the impact of sedimentation on dam failure. In this paper, we examine the influence of rainfall-induced sedimentation on the failure and reveal a mechanism of the dam behavior under the interaction of rainfall, flooding, and sedimentation. We then develop a mathematical model for quantitative assessment of dam failure risks, extending traditional "rainfall-flooding" modeling to "rainfall-flooding-sedimentation" so as to achieve more accurate assessment of dam failure and its risks. We have applied this model in two failure cases of the Wangmaogou watershed and assessed their risks under different return periods of rainfall. Results indicate that the impact of sedimentation is a significant factor. For the Guandigou 3rd dam, Beitagou dam, and Kanghegou 3rd dam, the judgement and calculation results agree with all the three real failure cases when using the simulation considering the sedimentation factor, while they deviate from the reality of the Beitagou dam failure when neglecting this factor. Detailed comparison indicates that under the rainfall on July 26, 2017, neglecting the sedimentation role advances the failure initiation time of the three dams as listed above by 11 minutes, 13 minutes, and 7 minutes respectively. This facilitates timely issuing of the warnings of emergency and quick evacuation of the people living around the dam, and enhances the accuracy of check dam warnings. For the Guandigou 3rd dam under the rainfalls of different return periods, its failure discharge is 4.82 m3/s and 5.97 m3/s under 10-year and 200-year periods respectively. The other two dams can withstand a 200-year return period rainfall under current siltation conditions.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 32-45 [Abstract] ( 55 ) PDF (9275 KB) ( 90 )

	46	Point cloud extraction of rockfill dam test pits based on slice segmentation
		JI Peng, WU Yu, XIE Jiale, YANG Xu, YAO Qiang
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240805
		Detection of compaction quality during rockfill dam construction is an important safeguard for its safe and stable operation, but the traditional irrigation method relies on measuring the detection pit volume that is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Today, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology can be adopted to calculate the detection pit volume quickly and improve the efficiency of compaction quality detection. To ensure the calculation accuracy of this new method, the key link is accurate extraction of the detection pit point cloud data from the scanned data. This paper develops a point cloud extraction method based on point cloud slicing that is able to accurately extract the point cloud on the surface of the inspection pit. First, the point cloud data is sliced; then a one-way search sorting method is used to sort the points of each sliced point set; finally, a cluster segmentation method based on the sorting number of the sliced point set is adopted to segment each slice. We have designed a MATLAB code to realize rapid extraction of the point cloud for a rockfill dam inspection pit based on this new method, and tested it using the point cloud data to verify its effectiveness and accuracy.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 46-55 [Abstract] ( 45 ) PDF (1825 KB) ( 48 )

	56	Experimental study on initial fracture toughness of asphalt concrete
		CAO Guorui, QING Longbang, LIU Tianyun, CHEN Libiao, ZENG Juncheng
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240806
		Semi-circular bending (SCB) fracture tests on asphalt concrete were conducted in this study, and load-crack opening displacement curves of its crack propagation process were obtained. We examine the effects of temperature, loading rate, and initial crack length on its initial fracture toughness, using the steep drop method of linear correlation coefficients; a digital image correlation method was used to study its damage and deformation characteristics at the stages of crack initiation and crack propagation. Research findings show that at the damage position, the initial cracking load obtained using this steep drop method is within the ranges of experimental load, verifying the rationality of the method in studying the initial fracture toughness. This toughness decreases gradually with the temperature and initial crack length, while increases with the loading rate.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 56-63 [Abstract] ( 46 ) PDF (1693 KB) ( 107 )

	64	Optimal operation of hydropower station reservoirs considering maximum benefits of hydro-wind-solar co-generation
		ZHANG Yanke, LU Yaojian, WANG Yuankun, WU Wenlong
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240807
		This paper describes a new model based on the microeconomic principle of diminishing marginal productivity during the production process to economically and reasonably exploit the regulatory capacity of hydropower station reservoirs and to facilitate the efficient integration of wind and solar resources. This model considers the regulating capability of the reservoirs as a variable factor, treating the efficient consumption of wind and solar resources as a "fixed factor". It aims at maximizing the benefits of hydro-wind-solar co-generation and can be solved to obtain optimized operation plans for the reservoirs to facilitate the economic consumption of wind and solar resources. Case analysis demonstrates that under the given condition of inflow, load demand, reservoir operation status, and other factors, the model effectively reflects the reservoir’s contribution to the economic consumption and the co-generation benefits during its participation in wind and solar output regulation. Optimized operation scheme is given for the reservoirs involved in wind and solar output regulation under different scenarios. The model helps leverage fully the regulating capacity of the reservoirs and enhance the co-generation benefits while ensuring the safety of power systems.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 64-75 [Abstract] ( 92 ) PDF (2075 KB) ( 96 )

	76	Real-time decision-making method for unit commitment of Three Gorges hydropower station based on deep reinforcement learning
		XU Hongwei, XU Gang, WU Biqiong, REN Yufeng
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240808
		This paper focuses on the key issue of the Three Gorges hydropower station’s in-plant economic operation, which is aimed at achieving a real-time load allocation of large-scale units for minimizing water consumption. Dynamic programming usually encounters the curse of dimensionality when dealing with a large-scale hydropower unit cluster, and therefore, it cannot meet the requirement of real-time dispatching decision for the station. For training a multi-period unit load distribution model and its decision-making, we develop a deep reinforcement learning-based framework to train the deep neural network and generates unit load distribution plans through a pre-trained network model. We apply a group theory idea to processing the state and action features of the learning, so as to compress the state and action space significantly and improve model training efficiency. The results indicate that compared to dynamic programming, our new method shortens the decision-making time by two orders of magnitude at a cost of less than 1% benefit loss. Thus, it offers a rapid and efficient solution for the unit load allocations in large-scale hydropower stations.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 76-88 [Abstract] ( 97 ) PDF (707 KB) ( 115 )

	89	Motion characteristics of splashing water droplets under white noise excitation
		ZHANG Hua, DENG Wei
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240809
		Considering the random motion mechanism of splashing water droplets in the wind field around water nappes and the mechanism of Brownian random motion, we work out a physical idea－that splashing water droplets moving in the space downstream of a dam are affected by the collision of a large number of gas molecules and generate random forces. We derive a differential equation for the random motion of water droplets and obtain a mathematical expression of the diffusion coefficient using the dimensional analysis method. Then, a mathematical model for the random motion of water droplets is constructed. It is used to calculate the changes in the velocity and trajectory of water droplets under the random forces; A numerical experiment of water splashing is conducted. The splashing ranges it calculates are close to the experimental observations in previous studies, verifying its rationality and accuracy in simulating the random motion of water droplets.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 89-97 [Abstract] ( 35 ) PDF (648 KB) ( 47 )

	98	Study on response relationship between hydrodynamic optimization scheduling and water environment improvement in plain river networks
		WANG Tian, HOU Jingming, LUAN Guangxue, SHEN Tengfei, ZHANG Rongbin,
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240810
		The poor water mobility of river channels in a plain river network region is the main cause of severe water environment pollution; water diversion is an important measure to improve the water environment in such regions. This paper constructs a hydrodynamic and water quality coupling model for river networks based on the measured data, and presents an application to the Sanshanwei area in Foshan, Guangdong. This model is verified against a 15-day continuous series of hydrodynamic and water quality monitoring data, and it is evaluated using the NSE and RMSE indexes. For this area, we have designed four gate control modes and seven landscape control water levels based on its terrain features, tidal motions, and landscape requirements. A total of 28 simulation conditions are used to simulate the river networks and analyze the mechanism of its all-sided responses to different conditions－including the improvement of its hydrodynamic water quality and the variations in the tidal levels of its inner and outer rivers; water diversion flow and drainage flow, and their spatial distributions; gate control modes and landscape water levels. The results show the model is reasonable and reliable. The study area is affected by its drainage path and has a significant difference in river flow mobility. We have achieved very significant improvement of the water environment through considering comprehensively the effects of river flow distribution, water flow path, and diversion effect of bifurcated river channels; considering the pollutant concentration in the outer rivers on the water quality; combining effectively the dynamic water environment capacity of the tidal river network and the spatial and temporal distribution of pollution source discharge. Compared with the low landscape control water level, our control modes of high landscape water levels can increase the dynamic water environment capacity of inner rivers, resulting in relatively low pollutant concentration. When the control level is raised from 0.2 to 0.8 m, the diversion flows in different diversion paths are increased by 28.0% - 64.7%, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the section reduced by 0.85 - 5.50 mg/L or a reduction ratio of 28.9% - 67.2%. This study presents a new idea for scheduling optimization and water environment in plain tidal river networks, useful for designing corresponding engineering measures.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 98-111 [Abstract] ( 62 ) PDF (5151 KB) ( 66 )

	112	Statistical characteristics of river bank profile and threshold values for bank stability in Middle Yangtze River
		DENG Shanshan, XIA Junqiang, ZHOU Yueyao, ZHOU Meirong, ZHU Heng
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240811
		Since the operation of the Three Gorges project, the riverbed in the Middle Yangtze River (MYR) has been continuously eroded, leading to intensive bank erosion in certain local reaches and posing a threat to flood control safety. Based on field measurements, this study reveals the statistical trends of the MYR riverbank morphological parameters, and determines the threshold values for bank stability. The results indicate (1) the probability density of underwater slope is generally log-normal. However, when external factors－such as changes in water and sediment conditions or the implementation of bank protection projects－reduce or enhance bank stability, the actual distribution deviates from the log-normal. And the extent of deviation can be used as a basis for evaluating the overall stability of the river reach. (2) Channel pattern is not a factor that affects significantly the probability density distribution of bank slope, but its impact is relatively significant on the relative thalweg location. (3) The thresholds of underwater slopes are > 0.22, > 0.18, > 0.20, and > 0.28 in the Upper Jingjiang, Lower Jingjiang, Chenghan Reach, and Hanhu Reach respectively. These values are greater than the angle of repose of the lower bank soil (nearly 0.16), indicating that bank failure occurs only after the lower soil layer has been eroded to a certain degree, consistent with the dynamic process. (4) The thresholds of thalweg location are less than 10% of the bankfull width. In addition, using our bank stability thresholds, we can determine the distribution of areas prone to bank failure in MYR in 2020, and the results are in good agreement with observations.
		2024 Vol. 43 (8): 112-122 [Abstract] ( 47 ) PDF (4750 KB) ( 64 )