Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

水力发电学报

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The journal is included in the following databases:
(i)Scopus,
(ii)The Chinese Science Citation Database Source Journals,
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(vi)Chinese Academic Journals (CD).


2023 Vol. 42, No. 4 Published: 2023-04-25

	1	Deep learning model for probability forecasting of flood to Three Gorges Reservoir ^Hot!
		CUI Zhen, GUO Shenglian, WANG Yun, ZHANG Jun, WANG Jun, HU Ting, LI Shuai
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230401
		Through embedding a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network in the encoder-decoder (ED) structure, this study constructs a LSTM-ED deep learning model and uses the Bayesian probabilistic forecasting processor to quantify flood forecast uncertainty. A probabilistic operational approach is developed, and the influence of rainfall forecast information on the probabilistic forecast performance is discussed. The new models are trained and validated using 6h rainfall and runoff series during 2010-2021 flood seasons in the interval basin between the Xiangjiaba reservoir and Three Gorges reservoir to forecast its floods for the forecast periods of 1 - 7 d. The results show the LSTM-ED model has a forecast accuracy higher than that of LSTM, achieving the Nash efficiency coefficients above 0.92 for the validation of 1 – 7 d forecast periods. The continuous ranking probability score values of the probabilistic forecasts are reduced by 26.8% - 32.7% relative to the mean absolute errors, effectively quantifying forecast uncertainties. The probabilistic forecasts could be further improved by considering rainfall forecast information so as to provide more reliable risk information for decision-making of reservoir scheduling.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 211 ) PDF (2693 KB) ( 486 )

	11	Evaluation of amplification effect of high relative humidity on heat wave and cold wave events. A case study of Jialing River basin
		MENG Changqing, LIU Keying, ZHONG Deyu, WANG Yongqiang, WANG Yuankun
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230402
		High relative humidity and temperature extremes can occur simultaneously and persist for periods of time, resulting in severe harm to human health. Here, in the case of the Jialing River basin, we use air temperature and relative humidity from the observed datasets to construct the apparent temperature, and then calculate heat wave indexes and cold wave indexes, so as to evaluate the temporal and spatial distributions and risk characteristics of heat and cold waves. The results show that in the period of 1960 to 2020, the heat waves took an increasing trend, while the cold waves took a significant decreasing trend. The apparent heat wave index was approximately 2-3 times of the corresponding heat wave index, but the apparent cold wave index was slightly greater than the corresponding cold wave index. This indicates that a high relative humidity can amplify the severity of the effect imposed by a heat wave or cold wave event, and the amplification in the heat wave case is greater than that of the cold wave. Through return period analysis, we find the heat (cold) wave severity based on univariate air temperature is severely underestimated owing to the ignorance of relative humidity.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 11-24 [Abstract] ( 110 ) PDF (6363 KB) ( 208 )

	25	Optimization analysis of effect of splitter blades on flow characteristics of multiphase pumps
		XIAO Yexiang, GUI Zhonghua, ZHANG Jin, YAO Xin, SHI Guangtai
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230403
		As a key equipment to transport offshore oil and gas resources, the transport performance of multiphase pumps directly affects the production efficiency and transport cost of oil and gas. To study the effect of splitter blades on the flow characteristics of a multiphase pump, in this work, an ANSYS CFX code is used to numerically simulate its flows in the sections before and behind the blades at the gas volume fractions of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The results indicate the optimized single-stage head of the pump is increased by 18.9%, 23.5%, and 24.2% at the three fractions respectively. Installing the splitter blades significantly improves the pressurization performance of the pump and the effect of gas volume fraction on the velocity distribution pattern of the liquid phase in the impeller. And it can inhibit the occurrence of gas phase aggregation in the impeller and makes its gas phase distribution more uniform.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 25-31 [Abstract] ( 93 ) PDF (2222 KB) ( 210 )

	32	Development of experimental methods for horizontal-axis tidal turbines
		JING Fengmei, MEI Yunlei, SHI Meng’en, WANG Shuqi, SHENG Qihu
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230404
		Tidal current energy is a predictable and intensive type of energy with a broad prospect of further development. Horizontal axis tidal turbines are the most efficient devices for generating electricity from tidal current energy, and a large amount of experimental studies have been carried out globally on such turbines. This paper discusses both the domestic and the international experimental methods of horizontal axis tidal turbines, including laboratory facilities, experimental models, experimental platforms, and measurement methods. Summary and evaluation of the current model tests for horizontal axis turbines are made from the aspects of uniform flow and complicated working environment. We also discuss the deficiencies in the current model tests of the horizontal axis turbines and give suggestions to the further experiments, which would be meaningful for tidal energy harvesting.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 32-45 [Abstract] ( 147 ) PDF (5042 KB) ( 194 )

	46	Power regulation characteristics of variable-speed pumped storage unit with full-size converter in pump mode
		SHAO Zixuan, YANG Weijia, LIAO Yiwen, HUANG Yifan
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230405
		A variable-speed pumped storage unit with a full-size converter features a wide regulation range and excellent control performance. It is a cutting-edge technology developed in the global pumped storage industry, but its refined numerical models need to be developed urgently, and dynamic characteristics of pump power regulation and optimization of regulation comments need to be studied urgently. In this paper, MATLAB/Simulink is used to build a numerical model for simulating the transient process in the hydraulic-mechanical-electric coupled system of a variable-speed pumped storage power station with a full-size converter and for establishing a control strategy for the unit’s power regulation based on power feedback. Through numerical simulations, energy conversion characteristics of this variable-speed unit are revealed, and its dynamic characteristics under power regulation in pump mode is studied. The results demonstrate that when the unit’s input power decreases, its power regulation speed and the overshoot of its main parameters are positively correlated with the change rate of its power command, but the correlation becomes weaker after a certain change rate threshold. This work is useful for further study and future operation of this new type of variable-speed units in China.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 46-56 [Abstract] ( 92 ) PDF (978 KB) ( 340 )

	57	Study on improved FCM-EWM-MABAC multi-attribute decision making for ventilation shaft layout
		WANG Xiaoling, CHEN Shen, XIAO Yijun, WU Binping, HU Pengfei, LIU Changxin
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230406
		In the existing studies on the layout scheme of ventilation shafts in the underground caves of hydropower stations, usually only a single factor is selected as an evaluation basis, and the specification of index weights often ignores the relevance of factors or relies too much on expert opinions. To improve decision making, this paper first constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for layout schemes which includes technical feasibility, economic rationality, and safe reliability, etc. Then, for scheme selection, we develop an improved decision model of fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)-entropy weight method (EWM)-multi-attribute boundary area comparison (MABAC). This model calculates the index combining weights by adopting an improved FCM that calculates factor correlation and has strong autonomous learning ability, and combines it with EWM. We improve the MABAC model by taking into the decision basis the relative distance between the selected scheme and the positive and negative ideal schemes, so as to overcome the problem with the traditional MABAC in distinguishing between a standard-distance scheme and its similar schemes. Finally, this new method is applied to optimizing the ventilation shaft layout scheme for an underground cavern at the Luoning pumped storage power station. The results show that the optimized scheme can achieve satisfactory effects in technology, economy and safety, demonstrating the advantages of the improved FCM and improved MABAC and a new idea for further study on multi-attribute decision making for cave ventilation shafts.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 57-69 [Abstract] ( 94 ) PDF (1924 KB) ( 226 )

	70	Experimental study on tensile performance of recycled aggregate hydraulic asphalt concrete
		DONG Jing, QI Yujun, LIU Yunhe, YU Chengyang, CHEN Liangliang
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230407
		To improve the efficiency of recycled aggregate utilization and its engineering benefit, this paper discusses its application to hydraulic asphalt concrete. We conduct an experiment on the tensile properties of recycled aggregate asphalt concrete at different temperatures (-10 - 10 ℃) and strain rates (10-5 - 10-2 s-1), considering possible structural cracking damage to an impervious body of such concrete in the working environment. The results show that temperature dropping or strain rate increasing of a test sample results in an increase in its tensile strength and tensile modulus and the proportion of aggregate fractures at its failure section, but a decrease in its peak strain. Based on the test results, we investigate the influence of strain rate on its tensile mechanical parameters which follows a trend that can be quantitatively described using a logarithmic dynamic enhancement factor. The tensile properties are compared in this paper with those of the corresponding natural aggregate concrete under the same working conditions, and the similarities and differences between the two are examined. We also find that the tensile properties of recycled aggregate hydraulic asphalt concrete are considerably lower than those of natural aggregate hydraulic asphalt concrete to a certain extent, but its properties still meet the design requirements of the specifications.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 70-80 [Abstract] ( 75 ) PDF (2326 KB) ( 314 )

	81	Integrated method of 3D real scene recording and office-field analysis for hydraulic engineering geology
		CHEN Chuangwei, LIANG Hui, ZHAO Wenchao, LI Mingchao, HAN Shuai, CHEN Yingbo
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230408
		Geological investigation is a basic work in hydraulic project construction. The traditional geological survey records geological information on paper. However, this leads to a poor intuitiveness of the two-dimensional map and even a loss of its spatial features, and the field analysis process has to rely on subjective experiences heavily; disconnection of office work from field work makes it difficult to ensure data recording and analysis efficiency or data reliability. This paper presents an integrated method of 3D real scene recording and office-field analysis for hydraulic engineering geology. This system is based on the 3D real scene technology, Geographic Information System (GIS), machine learning algorithm, and geological modeling, focusing on the development of multi-source data fusion, multi-platform collaboration and 2D and 3D linkage, geological intelligence recording, and fast spatial interpretation. We develop two sets of platforms suitable for desktop and mobile terminals, including three main modules: 1) A base map module constructs a fused 3D reality using multi-source data and achieves multi-platform collaboration as well as 2D and 3D linkage of data, thereby providing reference scenes for office work and field work; 2) A recording module adopts a multi-platform collaboration and intelligent recognition method to implement the recording of geological points, geological boundaries, and exploration objects; 3) An analysis module, based on spatial interpretation, calculates spatial occurrence planes and makes inference about three-dimensional spatial intersection lines. In terms of specific functions, the mobile terminal focuses on field acquisition, while the desktop terminal on indoor analysis; both cooperate to achieve a seamless connection between office work and field work. The system has been applied to the geological survey of a hydraulic project in western China, and it shows a significant improvement on geological recording efficiency and quality in comparison with the traditional survey.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 81-92 [Abstract] ( 112 ) PDF (3742 KB) ( 229 )

	93	Multi-model intelligent classification method for geological phenomena of hydraulic cavern foundation
		LI Mingchao, ZHAO Wenchao, ZHANG Ye, REN Qiubing, LI Mingze
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230409
		Basic geological phenomena in a hydraulic cavern can be a reflection of the occurrence of geological disaster. An efficient classification and identification of such information are crucial to understanding the distribution of structural planes in the cavern and the properties of its surrounding rocks to guide its further exploration. This task usually relies on manual work, but such traditional methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive at a low level of automated analysis. In this work, we use a variety of deep learning models and machine learning models to analyze the images of basic geological observations of hydraulic cavern foundation; and the cavern phenomena are classified through applying different deep learning models and the methods of Softmax classifier, random forest, and support vector machine. By comparing and selecting models with better performance for coupling, we developed a satisfactory image recognition model for the cavern geological phenomena, achieving automatic identification and analysis of the caverns, so that the workload of geological engineers is reduced significantly.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 93-103 [Abstract] ( 79 ) PDF (2124 KB) ( 218 )

	104	Influence of urban sewage on the concrete mixed with recycled rubber and emulsified asphalt
		CHENG Zhiqing, GUO Shulai, YANG Lei, LIU Baoju, LONG Guangcheng
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230410
		In view of the pavement concrete erosion caused by urban sewage, this study conducts experimental tests on the compressive strength, gas permeability and mass change ratio of the concrete mixed with recycled rubber and emulsified asphalt that has been immersed in simulated urban sewage solution for a certain long period. Combining with scanning electron microscopies, we examine the influence of urban environmental sewage on the durability of toughness concrete and its mechanism. The results show that under the long-term immersion, the strength of a concrete specimen is deteriorated, and its mass loss and gas permeability coefficient increased. At the same dosage, combination of rubber particles and emulsified asphalt improves the durability of concrete with single-mixed toughness component; the durability could be further enhanced by mixing polyethylene fiber, rubber particles and emulsified asphalt. The dissolution of emulsified asphalt and calcium hydroxide crystals in the simulated sewage solution is the main cause of strength reduction and mass loss of the concrete specimen. This study helps develop urban road concrete with high toughness and durability to raise urban road quality.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 104-113 [Abstract] ( 76 ) PDF (2371 KB) ( 76 )

	114	Intelligent retrieval of concrete dam construction specifications for quality inspection
		ZHANG Xiaojian, ZHANG Dongliang, LI Mingchao, TIAN Dan, SHEN Yang, LV Yuangeng
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230411
		To control the construction quality of concrete dams, it is necessary to accurately find normative clauses to obtain normative knowledge. Manual finding of these clauses based on the managers’ experiences is inefficient and error-prone. This paper adopts Natural Language Processing technology, from the perspective of sentence semantics, to overcome the shortcoming of considering keyword queries only, and develops a deep retrieval method of construction norms driven by semantic inference. This method combines Bi-GRU and the Transformer structure to improve a MLP-based twin-tower model, and couples it with a BM25 model to realize the intelligent retrieval of the norms; through semantic analysis, it evaluates whether or not the quality inspection project is aligned with the norms. Application to an actual project shows that the accuracy of the first three normative clauses recalled by our coupled method reaches 82.3%, higher than that of the common retrieval method, verifying its engineering applicability. In addition, we have developed a tool to provide an operation platform for promoting intelligent checking of the quality compliance of concrete dam construction.
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 114-125 [Abstract] ( 115 ) PDF (2003 KB) ( 230 )

	126	Prediction model of dam deformation driven by NGO-GPR and projection pursuit
		LIU Weiqi, CHEN Bo
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20230412
		An accurate and reliable deformation prediction model is essential to ensure the safe operation of water dams. However, previous monitoring models lack consideration of the multidimensional spatial or temporal correlation characteristics of massive monitoring data, and fail to effectively reflect the overall or regional deformation patterns of a water dam. This paper adopts a hierarchical agglomerative clustering and projection pursuit method to take into account the integrated distances of measuring points, and deeply explores correlation information in the massive monitoring data of a dam displacement field. A fused deformation sequence reflecting the deformation characteristics of multi-measuring points in the partition is obtained. We develop a new Gaussian process regression optimized by the northern goshawk algorithm to construct a fused deformation prediction model for multi-measuring points in a partition, and construct a confidence interval of the prediction results by the Lajda criterion. The influence of different kernel functions on the model prediction accuracy is examined through an engineering example. A comparative analysis verifies that our method is more accurate and applicable than the conventional models and can achieve a reliability estimation of the prediction results. It is a useful tool for the safety monitoring of dam deformation. Keywords: dam deformation prediction; clustering partition; projection pursuit method; northern goshawk optimization; Gaussian process regression
		2023 Vol. 42 (4): 126-136 [Abstract] ( 87 ) PDF (2978 KB) ( 282 )