Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

水力发电学报

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The journal is included in the following databases:
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(vi)Chinese Academic Journals (CD).


2021 Vol. 40, No. 12 Published: 2021-12-25

	1	Grain-size and geometry characteristics of braided rivers in a wide plateau valley
		HAN Kai, SUN Jian, LI Zhi, LIN Binliang, YANG Ying, HUANG Zhe
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211201
		Rivers in the southwest plateau of China are affected by the geological and fluvial dynamic processes, and present alternating wide and narrow valleys shaped like lotus root joints. The wide valleys are featured with braided fluvial landscapes－irregular shapes of incessant sand bars interspersed in reticular channels. In this study, field observations have been carried out on sediment particle sizes and river landscapes in a typical reach of wide valleys, and the morphological features of its braided streams are interpreted through analysis of remote sensing data, including river geometric parameters and bar geometric parameters. Comparison between column and surface sediment samples shows that in this reach, the sediment diameter increases first and then decreases as the channel width changes, and its riverbed is covered with a surface layer featuring mostly medium and fine sands while the vertical profile of grain sizes is relatively uniform. Remote sensing images show that significant geomorphic differences exist between flood and dry seasons and this can be demonstrated using certain geomorphic parameters. The results lay a basis for further studies of the river morphology and sediment movement in plateau rivers.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 127 ) PDF (2948 KB) ( 447 )

	12	Study on multi-objective optimal allocation of water resources system under uncertainties
		CHEN Wenyuan, ZHANG Ming, ZHAO Wei
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211202
		Considering the multiple uncertainties and multi-objectives of water resources systems, we construct a multi-objective optimization allocation model of water resources under multiple uncertainties in the interval, stochastic and fuzzy environments, using comprehensive economic, social and ecological benefits as its objectives, and imposing a water supply capacity constraint and a water demand constraint. We develop a new model solution method featured with a procedure of simulation-based optimization. Monte Carlo simulations are used to generate the input and output data, and a genetic algorithm is adopted to optimize each set of the simulation data to obtain possible optimal solution set for optimal water resources allocation under uncertain conditions and a set of water resources allocation schemes with confidence intervals. This method is validated through a case study of Dalian, Liaoning to obtain reasonable and reliable solutions for its water resources allocation. It shows that the results with probability distribution functions provide richer decision information than traditional methods and help improve decision making on water resources management policies under uncertain environments.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 12-24 [Abstract] ( 189 ) PDF (1181 KB) ( 367 )

	25	Applicability of different precipitation products to runoff simulations of Luanhe River basin
		XU Xinyi, LI Jianzhu, FENG Ping
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211203
		Satellite precipitation products and multi-source reanalysis precipitation data are of great significance to hydrological simulations. Based on ground observed precipitation data, this study evaluates the spatial and temporal accuracies of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM IMERG) dataset and the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD) reanalysis precipitation data. By using the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate monthly runoffs, applicability of the two precipitation products is compared. The results show that on multiple time scales, the IMERG data and CMFD data have high correlations with the observed precipitation, with overestimations by 3.7% and 2.6%, respectively; both can well describe the overall trend of precipitation in space but need further improvement on the accuracy of weak precipitation detection. Generally, they are applicable to simulations of the runoff in the Luanhe River basin. The GPM IMERG data can effectively improve the accuracy of runoff simulations for the basins with sparse rainfall stations, manifesting a good application potential in hydrological simulation.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 25-39 [Abstract] ( 126 ) PDF (1956 KB) ( 549 )

	40	Calculation method of joint probability for flood based on mixed Copula function
		LIN Wenhui, SONG Songbai
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211204
		Flood frequency calculation is a basis for determining the scale of water-related projects, and it can be improved using a mixed Copula function that better describes the distribution characteristics of multidimensional flood random variables than a single Copula function. This paper constructs two types of mixed Copula functions from single Copula functions, demonstrating their features via the flood data from the Madawask basin of Quebec, Canada. Their weight coefficients are solved using the particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm, and we optimize them in calculation of flood frequencies. The results show that the largest mean squared errors of the mixed types are 0.000567 and 0.000352, both smaller than those of the single type, and a better effect can be achieved by constructing a mixed function from the rotating Copula functions. When the combination of large variables is calculated, the joint return period estimated by a mixed Copula function is shorter than that of the single function, while the co-occurrence return period is longer.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 40-51 [Abstract] ( 147 ) PDF (1963 KB) ( 539 )

	52	Short-term optimal scheduling of wind-photovoltaic-pumped storage grid based on Stackelberg game
		ZHOU Yongfei, MEI Yadong, XIE Fanyi, YU Yaoguo
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211205
		Considering the obvious benefit conflict between a power grid and the renewable energy power plants, a grid-power supply short-term optimal scheduling model is developed using the Stackelberg game. A wind-photovoltaic-pumped storage union optimizes its power output strategy via grid electricity prices to maximize its own benefits, while considering the union’s output strategy the grid will adjust its electricity prices dynamically at the objective of minimizing its total cost, so as to achieve a benefit balance. To solve such problems, we develop an improved cuckoo algorithm based on adaptive load changing trend and a dynamic inertia memory strategy, and verify its effectiveness by simulating the Hubei power grid. The results show that the model can adapt to different typical days of power dispatching, and its optimized schemes reduce significantly the rates of wind power curtailment and photovoltaic curtailment by 15.0% - 37.2% and 17.4% - 27.9% respectively, thus promoting the use of renewable energy. In the optimized schemes, the power grid is more stable with the mean square error of its residual load reduced by 0.64% - 2.75%, and the average balance degree is increased by 2.37% - 5.36%, a significant improvement and a more stable benefit distribution.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 52-64 [Abstract] ( 113 ) PDF (515 KB) ( 335 )

	65	New method for evaluating changes in hydrologic regimes based on eco-flows metrics
		ZHANG Song, GUO Xiaoming, ZHOU Man, HU Ting
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211206
		The method for calculating eco-flows metrics based on flow duration curves has some limitations, and no evaluation system is yet available for the alterations of hydrologic regimes based on eco-flows metrics. This paper first constructs an index system including twelve month eco-surpluses and twelve month eco-deficits, through refining monthly, seasonal and annual eco-flows metrics based on discharge hydrographs. A formula measuring the degrees of change in these indexes is derived, and an ecological risk assessment method based on monthly eco-deficit is worked out. Then, we develop a new method for assessing the alterations of hydrologic regimes, apply it to the Yichang hydrologic station of the Yangtze River as a case study, and evaluate the changes in its hydrologic regimes caused by the Three Gorges project. Results show that the redefinition of the monthly, seasonal and annual eco-flows metrics eliminates the inconsistencies, significantly improving the similarity of the diversity index of Shannon to its annual eco-deficit based on discharge hydrographs. The formula is effective in evaluating the degree of regime changes, and the ecological risk graph helps greatly in enhancing the applicability of eco-flows metrics.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 65-76 [Abstract] ( 156 ) PDF (1911 KB) ( 395 )

	77	Study on relationship between speed and self-priming performance of self-priming centrifugal pump
		YANG Yinggang, MOU Jiegang, XU Maosen, WU Denghao, GU Yunqing,
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211207
		A transparent self-priming centrifugal pump device has been designed and tested to study its performances at different rotational speeds and the relationship between its self-priming performance and rotational speed. We use a high-speed camera to record the development of the gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns in its spiral case at the early self-priming stage, and measure the time variations of the liquid level in its suction pipe. The pump’s self-priming process is divided into the suction stage, the inflow stage, and the outflow stage; the influence of rotational speeds on the self-priming time in the suction and inflow stages is summarized. The experimental results show that at low rotational speeds, the pump’s self-priming time is inversely proportional to the rotational speed, because the liquid level in the gas-liquid separation chamber has not yet reached its highest at the end of suction stage. In this stage, gas content is the dominant factor of the self-priming performance; the higher the rotational speed, the higher the gas content, the higher the exhaust efficiency and the better the self-priming performance. At high rotational speeds, the self-priming time is proportional to the rotational speed only in part of the rotational speed range, because the liquid level in the chamber has reached its highest at the end of suction stage. In this case, a higher rotational speed means a faster gas reflux speed which results in the failure of discharging gas in time and even part of the self-priming function. This study illustrates the relationships of the rotational speed versus the liquid level in the inlet pipe and the liquid level in the gas-liquid separation chamber, and reveals the relationship of the rotational speed versus the self-priming performance of the pump via an explanation of the exhaust efficiency, thereby providing reference towards the design on the rotational speed of self-priming centrifugal pumps.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 77-86 [Abstract] ( 183 ) PDF (2158 KB) ( 522 )

	87	Optimization method of bank slope ratios for clay core wall dams based on compatible deformation analysis
		LI Qingbin, GUO Wanli, HUANGFU Zehua, WU Yingli
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211208
		Compatible deformation between a dam body and its bank slopes is a crucial engineering issue of clay core dams, and the bank slope ratio is a major influencing factor of the deformation compatibility. To optimize the design of this factor, this paper examines the influence of different bank slope ratios on the compatible deformation, using finite element calculations in a case study of the Qianping clay core dam. We conclude that, (1) three indexes are crucial to analysis of the deformation, namely, compatible deformation evaluation indexes for a dam body and its bank slopes－a deformation index for the maximum settlement and deformation gradient of the dam body, a stress index for the degree of stress deterioration under the arch effect on dam stress, and a strength index for the stress level of the dam body; (2) If the stability and reliability index of bank slopes is used as a safety control index and the earthwork volume of slope cutting as an economic control index, we can determine separately the upper and lower limits of the bank slope ratio, which give an optimization interval for multi-objective optimization analysis; (3) In addition to the three indexes above, a safety control index is added to the evaluation system, so that we can realize a multi-objective optimization design of bank slope ratios, through combing the weights of the functions for all the indexes and minimizing the objective function. In the Qianping dam case, optimization based on the compatible deformation control gives an optimal slope ratio (slope angle) of 58o. This result meets all the three requirements of safety, economic efficiency, and dam-bank slope compatible deformation, thus indicating our bank slope ratio optimization method is effective and practical for dam design.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 87-95 [Abstract] ( 99 ) PDF (624 KB) ( 463 )

	96	Experimental study on solidification of microorganism-mixing-improved percolating sand
		DONG Shuai, XU Guobin, YANG Defeng
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211209
		Microbially induced calcite precipitation method, a new soil improvement technology, has a good application prospect in river bank revetment. This study chooses three different particle size ranges of sandy soil for microbial mixture-improved infiltration curing, and conducts unconfined compression tests along with the tests of calcium carbonate content, breakdown rate, and water absorption. Then, we analyse the effects of particle size, infiltration times, and mixing ratio on the curing effect, and investigate the curing mechanism of the mixing method combined with the percolation method. Results show that most of the calcium carbonate generated in the mixing stage plays a pore-filling role and the resulting degree of cementation is low, while the subsequent infiltration and solidification improve soil properties significantly. With a mixing ratio of 2:8 and a particle size range of 0.3 - 0.6 mm, the samples manifest a better curing effect and their compressive strength is increased up to 1.86 MPa. Their calcium carbonate content and compressive strength are increased nonlinearly with the increase in filtration times, while the upper limit of strength increased with particle size. The test results reveal that the lowest disintegration rate is 2% and the lowest water absorption rate is 9.26%. Compared with typical clay soils, the solidified samples have stronger water erosion resistance and certain permeability, indicating a certain application value for river bank protection and construction technology.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 96-105 [Abstract] ( 83 ) PDF (4416 KB) ( 300 )

	106	EMD-P-ILSTM dynamic updating model for simulation parameters of high arch dam construction
		WANG Guohao, YU Jia, WANG Xiaoling, XIAO Yao, QIAO Yu, REN Bingyu, GUAN Tao
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211210
		For construction schedule simulation, parameters updating is the key to ensuring its accuracy. However, it is difficult for its existing methods to learn and extract the local nonlinear fluctuation characteristics of the parameters, and the updating accuracy needs further improvement. This paper takes advantage of the deep learning model's capability of mining more hidden information from parameter sequences and adopts a new modeling idea of decomposition-predict-integration. We construct a new dynamic updating model of construction simulation parameters using the techniques of empirical mode decomposition, and improved long short-term memory (EMD-P-ILSTM). To improve modeling efficiency, we use an improved Beetle Antennae algorithm based on an adaptive step factor to automatically optimize the hyperparameters of the LSTM network model. The EMD method is used to decompose a parameter sequence into several stationary sub-sequences; a partial autocorrelation function is used to select a time window for each sub-sequence automatically. A case study shows that, compared with the unimproved LSTM, BPNN, SVM, or Bayesian update method, our new model can track effectively the complicated changes in construction parameters and achieve a higher prediction accuracy.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 106-118 [Abstract] ( 177 ) PDF (2128 KB) ( 370 )

	119	Pattern recognition of concrete lifting modes based on massive monitoring data of cable crane
		ZHAO Chunju, ZI Ying, ZHOU Yihong, LIU Quan, ZHAO Kexin
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20211211
		Massive real-time monitoring data of a concrete lifting cable crane provides as a direct, reliable research basis for analysis of its practical operation efficiency. How to identify accurately and quickly its working cycle and extract useful information from these data is a key issue for efficiency analysis. Therefore, we develop a pattern recognition method. The working state of a cable crane is defined by the rates of changes in the lifting weight and its average; its concrete lifting modes defined by a time series of its characteristic changes. Then, we extract the statistical law of weight lifting parameters and define a set of pattern recognition standard templates; a pattern recognition model of lifting concrete featured with state similarity recognition plus state penalty function is developed. Especially, in view of the false fluctuation in the monitoring data of the load caused by the wind or cable acceleration, and the false stability of the load caused by accidental pauses in weight lifting or unloading, we construct a method of discrimination of isolated points plus multiple iterations to identify and correct a working state. Application of this model and measured data analysis show that it identifies accurately and quickly the working modes of a cable crane, the start and end points of each working state, and its instant and average lifting weights, thus providing important support for practical operation efficiency analysis and scheduling optimization of cable cranes.
		2021 Vol. 40 (12): 119-128 [Abstract] ( 95 ) PDF (2100 KB) ( 323 )