Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

水力发电学报

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The journal is included in the following databases:
(i)Scopus,
(ii)The Chinese Science Citation Database Source Journals,
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(vi)Chinese Academic Journals (CD).


2020 Vol. 39, No. 2 Published: 2020-02-25

	1	Discussion on design methods and application of geomembrane face rockfill dams ^Hot!
		CHU Yuexian
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200201
		This paper discusses the difference between waterproofing of building structures and seepage control of hydraulic structures based on the development and application history of geomembrane materials. Through referencing, analysis, exploration and innovation, we describe a new type of dams, namely geomembrane face rockfill dams that use geomembrane as the main material for seepage control. Several projects are analyzed to demonstrate the trend in dam seepage control development. It is thought that geomembrane will become one of the best choices for seepage control in concrete face rockfill dam (CFRD), even can be an inevitable alternative for face rockfill dams and roller compacted concrete dams.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 1-15 [Abstract] ( 294 ) PDF (1538 KB) ( 954 )

	16	Analysis on flow intake-outlet design of pumped storage power station using TRIZ innovation method
		GONG Chengyong, LI Rennian, HE Xiangru, HAN Wei
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200202
		Innovative theories and methods are required as guides to implement a new design. The theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) is a mature one widely used as a reference in design process. This paper examines the characteristics of design objects and their design principles through a case study of the flow intake-outlet of a pumped storage power station. Aimed at the design tasks specified in the feasibility study and preliminary design of this system, a TRIZ innovation method is adopted to construct an analysis model for it. We analyze the characteristics of the structures to be modeled, their interconnection, the forces on them, their interaction and constraints on the flows. Then we solve the conflicts encountered in the design process using function analysis, cause-effect chain analysis, trimming, resources analysis, and size-time-cost innovative thinking methods based on the TRIZ theory. After the design of the optimized intake-outlet structures is obtained, it is further analyzed by the industry requirements and applied to the real project. The key contents are revealed in the design process of the intake-outlet, showing the TRIZ innovation system effective and useful to engineering designs.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 16-24 [Abstract] ( 205 ) PDF (415 KB) ( 575 )

	25	Business process management in hydropower EPC projects based on partnering
		KANG Yanling, TANG Wenzhe, SHEN Wenxin, ZHANG Xuteng, WANG Yunhong
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200203
		Enhancing business process management in hydropower engineering-procurement-construction (EPC) projects will help contractors achieve project objectives and improve their competence in the construction market. A conceptual model for hydropower EPC projects is developed to show partnering relationships among stakeholders, business process management, and project performance. Questionnaires, interviews, and case studies are used to test the model. Results demonstrate that the stakeholders have common goals; and the contractors can consider the stakeholders’ responsibilities, rights and interests and allocate project resources properly. And a statistically significant path of ‘partnering with stakeholders→business process management→project performance’ is revealed. Thus, business process management plays a full mediating role, and partnering promotes project performance through improving the level of business process management.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 25-31 [Abstract] ( 211 ) PDF (355 KB) ( 498 )

	32	Experimental study on particle characteristics of calcareous sand and effect on its compressibility
		YUAN Quan, LI Wenlong, GAO Yan, ZHANG Hongyu, WU Zhiyi
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200204
		Particles of calcareous sand, labeled as porous, irregular shaped, easily crushable, etc., have great influence on its engineering properties. To investigate the effect of particle size and shape on its compressibility, we group the samples from an island in the South China Sea into different particle sizes and shapes, and conduct mineral composition analysis and statistical analysis of the particle shapes, and oedometer tests. Statistical analysis shows that the sand particles can be classified into massive granules, arborescent granules, and bioclastic granules in terms of particle shape. The mineral composition is mainly aragonite-based calcium carbonate, and similar mineral composition is also found in calcareous sand with different particle sizes and shapes. The oedometer tests illustrate compressive deformation of the sand is mainly an irreversible plastic deformation that occurs through two stages ? initial compaction and particle crushing. In initial compaction (vertical pressure p = 0 - 100 kPa), the deformation of the sample mainly depends on movement and rearrangement of particles, as a consequence, a sample with small particle size has larger compression in this stage; As p increases further, particles begin to crush (p > 200 kPa in this stage) and the deformation is controlled by particle crushing. Larger particles are broken more easily, and thus more compressive deformation occurs to a sample of larger particle size. In addition, compressibility of arborescent granules is also much greater than that of massive and bioclastic granules.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 32-43 [Abstract] ( 229 ) PDF (1008 KB) ( 605 )

	44	Instability of soil and the threshold for process of internal soil erosion
		FENG Qingfeng, FU Xudong, SHAO Songdong
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200205
		A three-dimensional numerical model is developed to simulate and analyze the internal erosion process of soils. It adopts a discrete element method (DEM) to calculate particle dynamics and a finite volume method (FVM) to calculate seepage flow, and couples these two fields together through related closure terms. Its simulation results presented herein reproduce the rheological behaviors in the classic experiments, and we can set up a relationship of soil stability versus its effective frictional coefficient μeff. And we have found the soils become unstable immediately after water head exceeding its threshold Hc. Under a loaded water head less than Hc, μeff is nearly equal to μ0 and the soils remain stable, with no internal erosion motivated; while as it is increased up to Hc, μeff abruptly jumps to μ1 or an even higher level, and accordingly an internal erosion process is triggered off (μ0 and μ1 are numerically calibrated values). The findings in this paper would highlight the mechanism of internal seeping erosion in levees and earth dams.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 44-51 [Abstract] ( 268 ) PDF (1278 KB) ( 728 )

	52	Analysis of soil parameters for calculations in geotechnical engineering
		JIE Yuxin
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200206
		Soil parameters are key to the reliability of numerical analysis in geotechnical engineering. Various parameters stand in different ranges and are often related to each other. This paper discusses the main indexes of soil physical properties, soil strength parameters; and their empirical ranges, and presents a relationship of Poisson’s ratio versus pressure coefficient of earth at rest. It also summarizes typical empirical approaches for determining soil deformation modulus and the ranges of Duncan-Chang model’s main parameters. Focusing on the major problems in numerical calculation, The author suggests possible causes, solutions and precautions to help choose parameters in geotechnical test and numerical analysis.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 52-66 [Abstract] ( 204 ) PDF (500 KB) ( 712 )

	67	Experimental study on characterization of evaluation indexes for vibration compaction of fresh concrete
		BIAN Ce, TIAN Zhenghong, LIU Zhiming, ZHU Kai, SHEN Weikang, DU Hui
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200207
		As there is no unified and definite evaluation index for vibration compactness of concrete, we use orthogonal tests to study the characteristics of vibration energy, hardened concrete pore structure, density, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength under different working conditions. The effects of various hardening property indexes on concrete compaction evaluation are compared and discussed through variance analysis. The results show that vibrating time period influences vibrating intensity only at the beginning of vibration, and vibration energy in propagation does not linearly attenuate but decrease significantly near the vibration source. For hardened concrete, porosity increases with the increasing distance from the source where it takes the maximum. And compared with pore size distribution, vibration energy has less influence on vertical variations in porosity. Moreover, concrete density varies markedly only within a distance of eight centimeters from the source, and spatial distributions of compressive and splitting tensile strengths are featured with significant fluctuations. This study concludes that porosity is a more suitable index for evaluating concrete compactness relative to other indicators and a prediction model can be built based on the characteristics of fresh mixture and vibration energy.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 67-80 [Abstract] ( 197 ) PDF (1277 KB) ( 486 )

	81	Forecast difficulty-based comprehensive evaluation of runoff forecast levels
		JIANG Zhiqiang, CHEN Yuyun, XU Yang, ZHANG Hairong, LIU Yi, FENG Zhongkai
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200208
		This paper describes a concept of forecast difficulty and its definition based on analysis of traditional evaluation methods of river runoff forecast levels, and develops two methods for its calculation using forecast error distributions and considering various forecast situations such as different rainfalls, forecast lead times and inflows. These methods can achieve effective calculations of forecast difficulty in various forecast situations under different standards of the forecast levels; and by combining them with evaluation of the forecasters' levels of runoff forecasting, we work out a comprehensive method for evaluating the forecasters' levels that takes into account of the forecast difficulty factor. A case study shows that compared with traditional methods, our comprehensive evaluation method is effective in considering various forecast difficulties in different forecast situations. And it can fully reflect the contribution of difficult forecast situations (such as long lead time) to the comprehensive forecast level; and provides more accurate, scientific and reasonable evaluation of runoff forecast levels, thus effectively promoting the forecasters' self-improvement of forecast levels.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 81-93 [Abstract] ( 214 ) PDF (816 KB) ( 415 )

	94	Benefit distribution method based on information entropy for optimal joint operation of cascade reservoirs
		ZHANG Jianting, GUO Shenglian, CHEN Kebing, HE Shaokun
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200209
		Difficulties in benefit distribution for optimal joint operation of cascade reservoirs are analyzed. Considering the limitation of the Shapley value method, a new benefit distribution method based on information entropy is developed and applied to seven cascade reservoirs in the Wu River basin. Compared to the Shapley value and single-index allocation methods, this method needs a smaller set of data and is more efficient in calculations; its results are more equitable and reasonable, motivating managers to participate joint reservoir operation and improving hydropower resources utilization efficiency.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 94-102 [Abstract] ( 199 ) PDF (259 KB) ( 490 )

	103	Study on extraction of vibration fault features of hydro-turbine generating units based on CL3-AMW and LTSA
		LU Na, ZHANG Guangtao, YAO Ze, YUAN Wenlin, SUN Bin
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200210
		With complicated structure and severe operating environment, hydro-turbine generating units are often affected by hydraulic, mechanical and electric coupling factors, which degenerates the sensitivity of vibration fault features extracted using traditional methods. To overcome this problem, we present a new vibration feature extraction method based on CL3 adaptive multiwavelets (CL3-AMW) and local tangent space alignment (LTSA). This method improves the sensitivity through a three-step procedure: high dimensional vibrant feature set adaptive construction, feature selection and feature fusion. It has been applied to vibration signals collected from a rotating machinery system and hydro-turbine generating units, and compared with other methods. The results show the sensitivity of vibration fault features extracted by our method are more sensitive than those by other methods, thus providing useful data for more accurate fault diagnosis of hydro-turbine generating units.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 103-111 [Abstract] ( 125 ) PDF (1337 KB) ( 543 )

	112	Numerical study of hydro-abrasive erosion in high-head Francis turbine runner
		LI Yanhao, GUO Bao, XIAO Yexiang
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20200211
		Sediment wear is one of the main causes of Francis turbine failure. For a high-head turbine unit, its sediment erosion rate can be greatly enhanced due to relatively high velocities of its internal flow. To study the sediment erosion mechanism of Francis turbines, in this paper we first obtain the average concentration data and particle size data for the sediment flows in a high-head turbine at a hydropower station based on field measurements, and simulate its characteristics of two-phase flows in the conditions of optimal openings and small openings of its guide vanes. Then, we calculate the trajectories of sediment particles using a Lagrangian method and numerically predict the runner erosion patterns using the Oka model. The erosion mechanism is explored through an analysis on flow characteristics, particle trajectories, and wall impact characteristics; simulation results are verified by comparing with previous studies in the literature. Results show the Eulerian-Lagrangian method gives satisfactory qualitative predictions of the erosion patterns. Under the condition of small guide vane openings, the vortex core developed in the runner passage leads to sediment particles conglomerating, thus intensifying the erosion around the corresponding locations.
		2020 Vol. 39 (2): 112-120 [Abstract] ( 255 ) PDF (3548 KB) ( 895 )