Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

水力发电学报

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The journal is included in the following databases:
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2019 Vol. 38, No. 7 Published: 2019-07-25

	1	Application of digital river basin model to Long River basin of upper Yangtze ^Hot!
		CHEN Jinhan, XIA Junqiang, LI Tiejian, WANG Miaolin
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190701
		Distributed hydrological modeling is a hot issue in current hydrological research. This study applies a digital watershed model to a small watershed of the upper Yangtze. First, the ArcGIS code is used to extract river network information. We select the rainfall and flood series of the river basin of 1982, and calibrate and verify the model parameters using a graphical method based on factor analysis. The calibration gives a Nash efficiency coefficient of 0.97 and peak errors within 10%, indicating that the model can well simulate the runoff yield and flow concentration in this small watershed. Then, a sensitivity analysis is made on several key parameters involved in the model. The results show that vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity affects the flood peak only and the two parameters are negatively correlated. The initial water content of soil affects the runoff only, with a positive correlation; field capacity is negatively correlated with the flood peak and runoff process; vegetation water interception is negatively correlated with the flood peak and runoff; and roughness, negatively correlated with the peak value, affects the shape of flood peak only. We suggest that further validation with recent measurements be needed before the model is applied to the engineering problems in the study area.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 212 ) PDF (1150 KB) ( 615 )

	11	Assessment on ecological baseflow in Zhangweixin River estuary considering saltwater intrusion
		CHEN Hao, XU Zongxue, HOU Xinyue, REN Meifang, ZHANG Miao
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190702
		In this study, a hydrological method and habitat simulation method are adopted to estimate the ecological baseflow in the Zhangweixin River estuary. And based on MIKE21 FM, a salinity intrusion model is developed for this estuary to simulate saltwater intrusion to its original riverway and dredged riverway under the condition of different discharges by the Xinji sluice and to verify the estimation of its ecological baseflow. The result shows that the section from the Dakou River outlet to CS21 is a tidal flow dominant area that features the cross-sectional average of salinity and its streamwise variation both nearly independent of the sluice discharge. The section from CS21 to the sluice is dominated by the sluice discharge but controlled by the joint action of the sluice and the tidal flow. As the sluice discharge increases from 4 m3/s to 8 m3/s, the sluice dominant section extends 5 km further downstream, while a further increase in the sluice discharge up to 12 m3/s leads to nearly no more extension. Thus, we suggest that the ecological baseflow at the sluice should be 8 m3/s.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 11-20 [Abstract] ( 181 ) PDF (1671 KB) ( 516 )

	21	Effects of variations in Jiaojiang estuarine geography on storm tides. Case study of Typhoon 9711
		HE Wei, YAO Yanming, HUANG Senjun, YUAN Jinxiong
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190703
		A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigation of the effects of variations in Jiaojiang estuarine geography on storm tides. The model was used to reproduce the storm surge generated by Typhoon 9711 and validated against previous measurements of wind fields, tide levels, and storm tide levels. Based on the idea of reclamation planning, astronomical and storm tides were examined under four series of different geographical modifications: north bank extension, south bank extension, two bank extension, and estuarine narrowing. Results show that the different estuarine geography have different effects on water levels in the pattern and degree. And it can be explained by comparison and analysis of the flow fields in the estuary. The results help understand the effects of variations in estuarine geography on the dynamics in tidal estuaries to reduce and prevent hazards.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 21-35 [Abstract] ( 191 ) PDF (6016 KB) ( 544 )

	36	Lifecycle assessment of water footprint of Xiluodu hydropower station
		HE Xiao, LI Zhe, XIAO Yan, GUO Jinsong, LU Lunhui, CHENG Yuran
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190704
		Water footprint (WF), an index of water consumption by a product, could help evaluate the environmental costs of a hydropower station more accurately. Based on the lifecycle assessment (LCA), we calculate the gross WF and the net WF of Xiluodu hydropower station, considering both construction phase and operation phase. The calculation gives a gross WF of 0.56 m3/GJ and a net WF of 0.02m3/GJ. And it shows that the water use in sand aggregate processing makes the largest contribution to the construction WF, the increase of water surface evaporation caused by reservoir construction makes the largest contribution to the net WF, while the largest to the gross WF is water consumption of operation phase. This study also evaluates the influence of lifecycle span on the components of the gross WF and the net WF. The WF values of Xiluodu hydropower station, significantly smaller than those of other hydropower projects all over the world or other energy industries, show its superiority in water use efficiency as a typical case of the Jinsha River hydropower base.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 36-45 [Abstract] ( 268 ) PDF (1376 KB) ( 486 )

	46	Inter-plant and in-plant load allocation model for cascade hydropower stations under power market
		XU Gang, ZHANG Kan, WEI Neng
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190705
		In the market environment, cascade load is allocated at both the inter-plant level and the in-plant level of different generating units. Its targets are to maximize cascade benefit at the inter-plant level and minimize water consumption under security constraints at the in-plant level. This paper develops and integrates two hierarchical allocation models for the two levels. The inter-plant allocation is aimed at maximum power output profit, which is solved using a progressive optimal algorithm. The model of load allocation over the in-plant units is solved by a two-step dynamic programming to achieve the objective of minimum water consumption. It uses dynamic programming to solve the optimal allocation under security constraints in successive periods, and then in the second step to optimize the procedure to start up and shut down the units. Calculations at the two levels are coordinated and optimized through a comprehensive output coefficient as the coordination variable, and solved iteratively at the first and second stages, respectively, producing optimal results of the inter-plant and in-plant allocations. A case study shows that the algorithm is efficient and fast in achieving a unified dispatching between the load allocations, thus improving the competitiveness of cascade hydropower stations in the market.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 46-56 [Abstract] ( 178 ) PDF (468 KB) ( 397 )

	57	Indicator of canal controllability for internet of water
		ZHENG Zhilei, WANG Zhongjing
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190706
		A canal is the major facility for water transfer and distribution, and the indicator of its controllability is a prerequisite for reliable and efficient control of its flow system via the Internet of water. In this paper, an indicator of canal controllability is established based on the general controllability principle of the first-order systems with time delay using the parameters of an integrator-delay model. We also work out a quantitative relationship of this indicator versus the selection of a control algorithm for the second canal of Changma South Irrigation District in the Shule River basin, and verify it via numerical simulations. The results show that for this case canal, its indicator of controllability is 0.2 - 0.3 and a proportional-integral algorithm is ineffective in controlling its flow. And a linear quadratic control produces an actual operation greatly affected by disturbance amplitudes, while a model predictive control achieves satisfactory effects. All this is consistent with the judgment by using the indicator of canal controllability, further demonstrating the dependency of the canal control effect on the synthesis of canal controllability and control algorithm capability.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 57-66 [Abstract] ( 175 ) PDF (646 KB) ( 535 )

	67	Application of Bayesian model with improved prior probability in design flood analysis
		WANG Yimin, GAO Panxing, GUO Aijun, CHANG Jianxia, ZHAO Mingzhe
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190707
		Bayesian model is a powerful tool for reducing model uncertainty in flood frequency analysis, and the key is how to calculate prior probability. To improve the universality of the calculation, first we work out a formula for calculating the comprehensive index and quantifying the effect of fitting used by different models based on model evaluation criteria. Then, this index is used in calculation of the prior probability adopted in our Bayesian model so as to reduce the uncertainty in model selection. Results show that the comprehensive index calculations lead to more reliable values of the prior probability that help improve the estimation of posterior probability, thereby reducing the uncertainty in flood frequency calculations. Compared with Bayesian model without such prior information, the present results are much better. A comprehensive index coupled with multiple evaluation criteria provides a new idea in determining prior probability.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 67-76 [Abstract] ( 234 ) PDF (914 KB) ( 531 )

	77	Detection method of piecewise trends in hydrological series based on correlation coefficients
		WU Ziyi, XIE Ping, SANG Yanfang, CHEN Jie, SUN Sirui, ZHAO Yuxi
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190708
		Piecewise trend is an important form of variations in nonstationary hydrological series. This paper describes a new method (namely, R detection method) for detecting piecewise trends in hydrological series and evaluating the significance of corresponding variations based on correlation coefficients. The results of statistical experiments show that this method features a very low rate of false detection of the series with no piecewise trend and a high rate of positive detection of the series with different types of piecewise trends, indicating its high accuracy in the detection. We use the method to detect the piecewise trends in the annual peak flood series from five gauge stations in Dongting Lake. The results show that piecewise trends occur at different time points of the series at the stations of Shadaoguan, Guanjiapu and Kangjiagang, and are featured with different forms, all showing a certain decrease in the peak flood flow as a response to the variations in the runoff regulated by the Three Gorges reservoir and caused by the cutting of the lower Jingjiang.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 77-86 [Abstract] ( 194 ) PDF (880 KB) ( 588 )

	87	Application of building information modeling in life cycle of reservoirs
		XUE Xianghua, HUANGFU Yingjie, HUANGFU Zehua, MA Li, CUI Baoyu
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190709
		This paper examines the application of building inforamation modeling (BIM) in the phases of planning, design and construction of a reservoir, and summarizes the main applicable items of BIM technology and its advantage for each phase. It show that this technology provides powerful data and technical support for all the stages of the project life cycle, make it easier for different construction agents to collaborate, and improve the level of fine management over the whole project process. A flowchart of BIM application is given, and a case study of the Qianping reservoir in operation and maintenance stages is discussed. The problems of resource sharing and management of complex data sources in engineering projects are solved through using and integrating the cross-platform technology based on “BIM+” thinking, combined GIS technology, Web technology, mobile application, communication, and computer network technology, etc. The method for developing BIM applications and their implementation modes for the whole life circle of a reservoir project presented in this paper would help promote BIM application and raise informatization level in reservoir construction and management.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 87-99 [Abstract] ( 244 ) PDF (4668 KB) ( 611 )

	100	Neural network model based prediction of fragmentation of blasting using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
		WANG Renchao, WU Song
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190710
		Blasting is one of the most common methods for exploitation of rock-fill dam materials, and its fragmentation not only affects the excavation and loading efficiency of material mining, but has a great impact on the compaction quality of dam construction. Therefore, adjusting blast design parameters to control the fragment distribution of mining materials is a key measure for real-time blasting control. Aimed at the deficiency of traditional models in predicting blasting fragmentation, a Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm based neural network model of two hidden layers is developed for the prediction. Through a case study of blast test fragmentation in a water conservancy project, the validity and practicability of this model and the method are verified.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 100-109 [Abstract] ( 304 ) PDF (1042 KB) ( 367 )

	110	Failure analysis of pre-cracked specimen based on acoustic emission technique
		WANG Shouguang, LIU Yaoru, CHEN Xin, YANG Qiang
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190711
		To examine the failure characteristics and internal damage mechanism of the natural rock mass with cracks, this study conducts uniaxial compression tests on the specimens of gypsum material with the prefabricated cracks of oblique angles of 0?, 30?, 45?, 60? and 90? and with no pre-crack. Acoustic emission (AE) technology is used to measure sound signals and monitor full failure process and changes in sound waves. Spectral analysis of AE signals shows that the dominant frequencies detected during the specimen failure is lower than 500 kHz, while the noise is dominated by frequencies higher than this threshold. Hence, the noise can be removed reliably. An AE parameter, namely hits per second (HPS), is used to evaluate AE intensity. The failure modes of the specimens are divided into three categories: crushing (0?), compression-shear (30?, 45? and 60?), and splitting (90? and no pre-crack). Multiple regression analysis is used to improve the AE time-difference-of-arrivals (TDOA) location algorithm, achieving satisfactory results in locating internal failure points.
		2019 Vol. 38 (7): 110-120 [Abstract] ( 207 ) PDF (1713 KB) ( 580 )