Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

水力发电学报

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2019 Vol. 38, No. 2 Published: 2019-02-25

	1	Research on high dams and developing trends
		ZHOU Jianping, DU Xiaohu, ZHOU Xingbo, WANG Fuqiang
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190201
		This paper summarizes the history, current situation and comprehensive role of high dams in the world, and analyzes the problems and challenges in high dam construction and safety management in future. Aiming at the key technical problems faced by the construction and operation of high dams, the developing trends of high dams in acceptable and appropriate maximum height, safety standards, evaluation methodology, multi-source information fusion, intelligent health diagnosis, and sustainable utilization are put forward. Taking into consideration the issues related to engineering, society, environment and comprehensive benefits in the river basin, it is demonstrated that an acceptable and appropriate maximum height of extra-high dams in the future is approximately 300 m. Thus, it will be imperative to improve the safety standards, and better integration of constant value analysis and risk analysis should be a major trend in the future development of safety evaluation methods. Other methods, such as forward simulation, information feedback analysis, risk chain identification, and failure path analysis, will also be effective means for the safety evaluation and safety management decision-making of high dams. A risk classification management and potential risk inspection system together with implementation of monitoring, health diagnosis, defect repairs, sediment treatment, operation and maintenance of high dams should be established and improved. All these measures are conducive to the long-term, stable, safe and sustainable use of high dams.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 1-14 [Abstract] ( 366 ) PDF (1030 KB) ( 758 )

	15	On adhesive slant shear strength between rubber concrete and ordinary concrete
		FENG Lingyun, HUANGFU Zehua, HAN Juhong, YUAN Qun, REN Xiaofu, WU Huanhuan
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190202
		This paper presents an experimental study on the adhesive bonding properties between new rubber concrete and old ordinary concrete under slant shear, including the effects of particle size, dosage, and interfacial agent on the adhesive properties. Test results show that this adhesive strength of two bonded specimens has an inverse relationship with the diameter of rubber particles, and has insignificant correlation with rubber content, though it decreases when increasing the content. Compared with cement paste interfacial agent or no agent coating, the new epoxy interfacial agent obviously improves the adhesive strength. The effect of compound modification on the adhesive strength is related to the diameter of the rubber particles.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 15-21 [Abstract] ( 197 ) PDF (1031 KB) ( 327 )

	22	Key technologies of intelligent construction of Wudongde and Baihetan super high arch dams
		FAN Qixiang, ZHANG Chaoran, CHEN Wenbin, LI Qingbin, ZHANG Guoxin, ZHOU Shaowu, WANG Zhilin, YANG Zongli, LI Wenwei, PENG Hua, CHEN Wenfu, YIN Xishuang, YANG Ning, LI Guo
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190203
		The Wudongde and Baihetan hydropower stations on the Jinsha River are the largest hydropower projects under construction with application of the most challenging technologies under complicated environmental conditions. Construction of the 300-meter super high concrete arch dams is faced with multiple key technological obstacles and management challenges in safety and high quality. Based on the principle of intelligent closed-loop control of comprehensive perception, real analysis and real-time control, this paper deeply integrates the modern information technologies with hydropower engineering construction and formulates an intelligent dam construction technology route focusing on the core construction processes and main business processes. To meet the demands of building these two dams in safety and high quality, key technologies ? such as whole-process real-time monitoring of concrete construction, real-time control of concrete temperature, whole life cycle safety and work performance evaluation, performance review of low-heat cement concrete dam, and in-depth research of an intelligent construction platform iDam ? have been explored and applied, and related intelligent control equipment and management systems have been developed. Engineering practice shows that the key technologies and management platforms achieved in the intelligent construction have greatly improved the technology performance and management efficiency of project construction, enhanced the core competitiveness of Chinese hydropower industry, and provided better technical support for the development of hydropower project and infrastructure construction along the Belt and Road.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 22-35 [Abstract] ( 524 ) PDF (4590 KB) ( 899 )

	36	Fuzzy risk of short-term operation of hydropower stations considering runoff forecasting errors
		JIANG Zhiqiang, WU Wenjie, QIN Hui, JI Changming, ZHOU Jianzhong
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190204
		Forecasted runoff is usually used to formulate a plan for short-term power generating operation of a hydropower station. However, errors in the forecasted inflow process is usually produced due to the error in runoff forecasting, and this will bring about a problem of unnecessary water abandoning or power output shortage in the case of a hydropower station operated at reservoir stage close to the limit. This paper describes a fuzzy membership function method for minimizing the effect of runoff forecasting errors based on an optimal closeness criterion to quantitatively analyze the fuzzy characteristics of the error and its influence on short-term operation of a hydropower station. And applying the credibility theory, we develop a fuzzy risk analysis model for the short-term operation, especially at reservoir stages around one of the two typical limits ? normal stage or dead stage, achieving effective coupling and transformation between the fuzziness of forecasting errors and the risk in hydropower station operation. In a case study of the Jinxi hydropower station, this model reveals the high risk operation areas, and we suggest reliable areas for its operation close to the stage limits, thus providing useful information for short-term operation of hydropower stations.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 36-46 [Abstract] ( 190 ) PDF (1136 KB) ( 261 )

	47	Improved model of maximum energy storage increment based on progressive approximation
		JI Changming, YU Hongjie, YAN Xiaoran, WEI Xiaowen, LI Jiqing
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190205
		The traditional criterion of maximum energy storage increment does not reflect the dispatching objective of a hydropower station, because it ignores the influence of power generation efficiency and uses the average value over a certain period to calculate energy storage increment. This paper first examines the concept of energy efficiency coefficient and uses it to calculate a hydropower station's capacity of utilizing hydropower resources, and improves the traditional criterion of maximum energy storage increment. Then, we adopt a progressive approximation algorithm and the improved criterion to calculate more accurately the energy efficiency coefficient for each hydropower station in a river basin, and construct an improved model of maximum energy storage increment based on this coefficient. Finally, a case study of the Pankou-Xiaoxuan cascade reservoirs in the Du River basin is given. The results show that the improvement is reasonable and effective in increasing the energy storage and power generation benefits of cascade reservoirs. Compared with the existing models, this improved model gives better optimization effect, thus useful to the hydropower developing practices of electricity to water mode.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 47-56 [Abstract] ( 181 ) PDF (551 KB) ( 324 )

	57	Staged hydrological method based on Bai and Perron’s multiple structural breaks test
		KE Wei, XIE Ping, SANG Yanfang, WU Ziyi
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190206
		Under the changing environment of climate change and intensive human activities, flooding disasters occur at times. This paper presents a staged hydrological method based on Bai and Perron’s (BP) multiple structural breaks test to provide a tool for analyzing hydrological data series amid such environment. This method is a unit root test of these breaks that combines structural mutation components with the traditional unit root test. For a data series, it does ordinary processing first, and then uses Bai and Perron’s breaks test to check out the structural breaks, i.e. the start and end of flood season. Finally, these breaks are used to construct a corresponding staged data series. To demonstrate and verify the method, a BP test and traditional fuzzy statistical method are used to test the runoff series of the middle and lower Lancang River with the flood season from June through October. The results of these two methods agree well, showing that the staged hydrological method based on BP test is satisfactory but relatively more applicable to series of variable time scales.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 57-67 [Abstract] ( 439 ) PDF (1075 KB) ( 366 )

	68	Multi-objective operation and decision making of parallel reservoirs for Hanjiang-to-Weihe water diversion project in dry years
		JIN Wenting, WANG Yimin, BAI Tao, SHI Jingtao
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190207
		This paper describes a multi-objective optimization model constructed for operation of parallel reservoirs to verify the capability of water diversion and power generation of the Hanjiang-to-Weihe water diversion project in dry years. It is solved with a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), and optimal schemes are obtained using a system of four-dimensional evaluation indexes and an approach of successive elimination of alternative schemes based on the order and degree of efficiency (SEABODE). The results show that during three typical dry years, only 1.36 billion cubic metres of water needs to be transferred in the low water year and water shortage will occur in three months. In an extraordinary dry year, 1.01 billion cubic metres of water on average can be transferred, and in this case water shortage will occur in 8 - 10 months with the maximum one month shortage of 74 million cubic metres. The results are useful for operation and decision making of the water diversion project in dry years.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 68-81 [Abstract] ( 160 ) PDF (776 KB) ( 379 )

	82	Water temperature of Lancang River influenced by its tributary Buyuan River
		JIANG Bo, WANG Fushan, SHEN Chen, LU Ying, NI Guangheng
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190208
		In this study, a combined field experiment and numerical modeling approach is used to examine the water temperature of the lower Lancang influenced by its main tributary the Buyuan River. Water temperature has been observed at three mainstream hydrological stations: Mohan on Buyuan, and Yunjinghong and Guanlei (located downstream to Buyuan confluence) on Lancang. Analysis on these data shows a trend of the water temperatures at Guanlei and Mohan both highly correlated. We make numerical simulations of water temperature at Guanlei for the period of Nov. 2014 to Nov. 2015, and compare the calculations with the corresponding scenarios without Buyuan, revealing the influence of Buyuan’s discharge. Results suggest that during Sept. and Oct. 2014, Guanlei’s water temperature could be effectively lowered by at most 1?C due to Buyuan’s discharge, while in the rest of the study period it was dominated by the temperature of the incoming Lancang mainstream. Actually this was a special two months during which the discharge of Buyuan with temperature lower than Lancang was relatively large, yet still smaller than the incoming Lancang mainstream, and the hydropower plants on the upper Lancang mainstream were operated in impounding mode.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 82-88 [Abstract] ( 264 ) PDF (1664 KB) ( 391 )

	89	Threshold for neck cutoff occurrence in Qigongling bend and its influence on Chenglingji stage of lower Jingjiang River
		YUAN Shuai, LI Zhiwei, ZHU Lingling
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190209
		The neck of Qigongling bend, located in the section of lower Jingjiang River connecting the East Dongting Lake, is much narrower than the average mainstream channel width, and its narrowing is speeded up together with a riverbank scour under the existing conditions of this special location in combination with the effect of Three Gorges Reservoir. Hence the occurrence of its cutoff to be triggered by overbank flooding or bank collapse is quite possible, and the threshold of this event must be understood. In this work, we develop a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the upper and lower reaches of the bend (i.e. Jianli-Luoshan reach) based on the hydrological data, topographic data, and MIKE21 hydrodynamic model, and conduct simulations and analysis for different inflow conditions and different flow depths in the cutoff channel to reveal the influence of the cutoff event on the mainstream stage at Chenglingji. Results show that being triggered by overbank flooding and bank collapse, the possibility of the neck cutoff is very high as a result of either a high flood discharge or neck narrowing. Chenglingji stage tends to be raised by at least 0.3 m by the event under the lake’s top-off effect on the confluence. However, the difference between the discharges through the new cutoff channel and old main channel will keep less than 1% of the inflow, though this top-off produces quite different effects on the mainstream stage.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 89-100 [Abstract] ( 192 ) PDF (1512 KB) ( 305 )

	101	Shaft tubular pump units based on regularized design
		CHEN Jiaqi, ZHU Quanrong, SU Zhimin, ZHOU Zhengfu, CHEN Songshan
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190210
		This study examines how to determine the main control sizes and their value ranges of the inflow and outflow passages of shaft tubular pump devices through statistical analysis of more than twenty typical large-scale pump sets of this type, aiming at developing a regularized design method. Using this new method, we design a large shaft tubular pump with an impeller diameter of 3200 mm for a practical project, and use numerical simulations of 3D turbulent flows to analyze hydraulic loss and flow behaviors including the velocity distribution and inflow angle of the shaft passage. Results reveal that the flows in the inlet and outlet passages are satisfactory with hydraulic losses of 0.065 m and 0.096 m respectively. And at the exit of inlet passage, velocity uniformity is 97.5% and flow angle is 87.7?. We conduct experimental tests on a 1:10.67-scale model, focusing on the measurement of energy characteristics. It shows that our shaft tubular pump set, based on the regularized design, achieves a high efficiency: 77.5% at an ultra-low lift of 1.08m, and 66% at the design point of Q = 25 m3/s and H = 0.62 m. These results would help optimize the hydraulic design of shaft tubular pumps.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 101-111 [Abstract] ( 199 ) PDF (2009 KB) ( 249 )

	112	Vibration fault diagnosis for hydro-power units based on Bayesian network
		LIU Dong, WANG Xin, HUANG Jianying, ZHANG Xiaojing, XIAO Zhihuai
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190211
		A huge mass of on-site monitor data of hydropower stations has accumulated, but its practical use is quite limited due to lack of on-site experts. How to mine these data and combine with expert experiences in fault diagnosis is our focus. This paper describes a vibration fault diagnosis model for hydropower units based on a Bayesian network that integrates subsystem models constructed through formulating the network structure and certain node parameters using expert experiences, discretizing data signals with a self-organizing map (SOM) neural network, and determining the probability distribution of the rest of the nodes via learning parameters of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. This model is verified by examining the effect and rationality of its diagnosis results in design tests.
		2019 Vol. 38 (2): 112-120 [Abstract] ( 334 ) PDF (1032 KB) ( 549 )