水力发电学报
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2019 Vol. 38, No. 1
Published: 2019-01-25

 
     
1 Digital dynamic control over whole construction process of large hydropower projects
FAN Qixiang, YANG Zongli, WANG Zhilin, HE Wen, WU Kun
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190101
Construction of large-scale hydropower projects is faced with the complexity of production factor flow, the accuracy and effectiveness of physical measurement, and the problems in forward-looking and real-time management caused by the differences in management systems, business processes and technological processes of all parties involved. This paper reports a series of in-depth studies on how to integrate engineering construction and information technology for hydropower development in the lower reaches of Jinsha River, such as positioning technology and other new-generation information technologies. These studies focus on conducting integrated research and development of a hybrid superposition positioning technology with different accuracies in positioning and different speeds of response in complex environment; formulating a standardized process flow with a uniform management form and coding system for each specialty of electrical construction; developing mobile online application systems; conducting research and development of key process intelligence technologies and equipment systems; and building an information system through the whole process of project pricing. Achievements in these studies ensure the acquisition of comprehensive, true, accurate and real-time data through project construction management, and realize digital dynamic control over the whole process of engineering construction ? flow factors of personnel and equipment, core business processes such as quality and safety; key technological processes such as concrete pouring temperature control and cement grouting; and real physical costs such as unit engineering measurement. The management technologies presented in this paper would promote the optimization of whole management chains such as business chain and process chain, and lay a basis for intelligent construction, and it should be a core part of intelligent technology in engineering construction.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 338 ) PDF (1373 KB)  ( 565 )
12 Prototype tests on anti-collision device of Xiangjiaba shiplift chamber against ship impact
WANG Xin, HU Ya’an
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190102
The anti-collision device is a core part of a shiplift chamber to keep the safety of large ship lifting and becomes a focus in the acceptance of navigation facilities. In this work, we conduct prototype impact tests to evaluate the effect and reliability of such devices of the Xiangjiaba shiplift, focusing on the working procedure of a new design adopting braking cylinder with wire rope and its anti-collision mechanism. Results show that the ship running at five different speeds can be stopped by this device and its design and function are reasonable and reliable. Under the impacting of beyond-design kinetic energy at a ship speed of 0.6 m/s, the buffer cylinder reaches the first-stage overflow status, but the wire rope is below the yield strength, with its peak force of 51 t and peak stress of 254.5 MPa at the predetermined breaking point. And the longest buffer of 2.43 m still remains in the permitted range. We demonstrate that a linear relationship exists between anti-collision force and ship speed. Most of the impacting kinetic energy is transferred into the buffer cylinder power, and its dissipation is more than 75% of the total impacting energy.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 12-19 [Abstract] ( 214 ) PDF (2992 KB)  ( 269 )
20 Deriving rules for staged dispatching of hydropower stations
GUO Yuxue, FANG Guohua, WEN Xin, HUANG Xianfeng
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190103
Applying the grey relational analysis (GRA) and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method, this paper develops a new method for dispatching the power production of a hydropower station. We first determine decision variables and impact factor sets using GRA and the results of a deterministic optimal dispatch model, and then obtain rules for staged hydropower production dispatching using a multivariate linear regression model, a support vector machine, and a back propagation neural networks . Finally, the rules for monthly power dispatching are derived using BMA to take weighted average of the models’ results. Application in a case study of the Xinanjiang hydropower station shows that our method is more accurate and can achieve an efficiency of hydropower production comparable to that of deterministic optimal dispatch.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 20-31 [Abstract] ( 242 ) PDF (2081 KB)  ( 356 )
32 Design management of international EPC projects based on contractor-designer alliance
ZHANG Qingzhen, TANG Wenzhe, ZHANG Xuteng, SHEN Wenxin, LEI Zhen, HUANG Yulei
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190104
The majority of Chinese international Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) contractors are construction companies. Because their strengths lie in construction, there is a clear need for these contractors to choose suitable designers as their cooperative alliance to improve the design ability of international EPC project. Based on literature review, we construct a conceptual model of alliance between contractors and designers in international EPC projects. Path analysis is adopted to analyze the data collected through questionnaires, interviews, and case studies to test the above conceptual model, and two significant paths from contractor-designer alliance to final design ability are revealed: alliance → preliminary design ability → final design ability; alliance → final design ability. The results demonstrate that preliminary design ability is the basis of final design ability and can critically affect the latter. The contractor-designer alliance can not only improve its final design ability by enhancing its preliminary design ability, but also directly promote its final design ability.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 32-40 [Abstract] ( 252 ) PDF (362 KB)  ( 319 )
41 Internal waves in a deep run-of-river reservoir under hydro-peaking
XIE Qike, LIU Zhaowei, CHEN Yongcan, CHEN Xiao
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190105
The Xiluodu reservoir is a typical deep run-of-river reservoir where hydro-peaking under stratification induces internal waves at its metalimnion. In this study, we take long-term measurement of water temperature in the reservoir using a thermistor chain, and develop a longitudinal-vertical two-dimensional numerical model to simulate these waves, focusing on the internal wave phenomenon and its formation and propagation features. Results show that the waves have a period of 24 hours and are induced by epilimnetic withdraw and hydro-peaking. They travel upstream along the metalimnion with decaying amplitudes and their travelling speeds agree well with the calculations using the Kelvin-Helmholtz wave theory. Also, they have no significant influence on the hypolimnion deepening. Currently, only a few exiting studies about internal waves in deep run-of-river reservoirs can be found. This study would shed light on our understanding of internal waves in reservoirs and help the analysis and design of related engineering applications.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 41-51 [Abstract] ( 308 ) PDF (4847 KB)  ( 424 )
52 Experimental study on formation and morphologic evolution of alluvial lake deltas
XU Haijue, HU Xiao, BAI Yuchuan, YANG Haojun, ZOU Dasheng, BAI Yang
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190106
Formation and evolution of shallow lake deltas are an important alluvial process of a river system, and research on the waterway and morphology over such deltas has become a key issue of river dynamics. In this study, a tank experiment based on the natural model method is conducted to simulate the formation and evolution of a shallow lake delta, focusing on the influence of boundary conditions, i.e. different sediment inflows and different lake stages, on its plane shape and stretching in longitudinal, vertical and horizontal directions. Results reveal that the delta first stretches forward like a tongue and then evolve as a developing lobe. Its aspect ratio of length to width increases rapidly first but approaches a relatively stable stage; the more the sediment inflow, the smaller the aspect ratio; a higher lake stage suppresses more the size of the delta. Both its longitudinal stretching and lateral broadening manifest a rapid growth at the initial stage, and then it enters a relatively stable mode of stepped growth. Higher sediment concentration leads to faster advancing longitudinally and laterally, resulting in an earlier start of the stepped growth mode; a higher lake stage leads to a similar earlier start with a smaller delta size, a longer mutation period, and a smaller delta size increment in one step. Sediment often silts over the lower delta. However, more incoming sediment will cause silting over the upper part. This brings about a decrease in the upper channel depth, an increase in the lateral bed slope of the middle and lower reaches, and an increase in the delta’s overall longitudinal slope.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 52-62 [Abstract] ( 179 ) PDF (475 KB)  ( 400 )
63 Variations in planform and cross-sectional geometries of Qingshuigou channel in Yellow River estuary (1976-2016)
ZHANG Shiyuan, XIA Junqiang, WAN Zhanwei, LI Jie
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190107
Remarkable channel adjustments have occurred in the Yellow River estuary since the 1996 artificial avulsion from the Diaokouhe course to Qingshuigou course. The channel has evolved through four stages: rapid aggradation, undercutting, shrinkage, and severe degradation. Its geometrical variations indicate that (i) in the initial stage of 1976-1980, the study reach was drastically aggraded, with its length increasing from 75.1 km to 93.2 km; (ii) during 1980-1984, numerous branches near the river mouth were gradually coalescing into a single channel toward the southeast, and channel undercutting was dominant; (iii) after 1984, the channel’s bankfull area was decreased by 61% in severe shrinkage caused by the operation of Longyangxia reservoir, with its thalweg migrating frequently at a migrating intensity and width of 0.17 and 102 m respectively; (iv) during 1999-2016, its bankfull depth was increased by 41% and the migrating intensity and width decreased to 0.09 and 37 m respectively. In addition, we develop empirical relationships of reach-scale bankfull dimensions and thalweg-migrating intensity versus the average flow scour intensity over previous four years, which give satisfactory predictions of channel adjustments highly correlated with the real case.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 63-74 [Abstract] ( 266 ) PDF (1361 KB)  ( 306 )
75 Evaluating oxygenation performance of improved membrane aeration biofilm reactor
SUN Qiuhui, DENG Heng, CAO Cuicui, MA Chao, GUO Qizhong, CHEN Liang
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190108
The key to managing the city's black odorous water is to increase its oxygen content. Low-pressure and bubble-free characteristics of a membrane aeration biofilm reactor (MABR) often lead to an uneven distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) over the treated water body, thereby reducing its overall performance of oxygenation and lowing its treatment effect. In this study, a MABR system is modified by installing special hollow fiber membrane filaments inside it so that the improved system can produce bubble plumes to stir the water and improve its oxygen transfer. An experiment is conducted to simulate this modified system and test its oxygenation effect and the uniformity of dissolved oxygen in treating artificial black odorous water. The results show that the bubble plume stirring can both raise the oxygenation efficiency and improve the uniformity of dissolved oxygen, thus improving the water treatment effect. And for the improved system, its oxygenation effect is increased with aeration pressure. Compared with the cases of no aeration (0 kPa), its average DO saturation rates of river water over 24 h under aeration pressures of 10, 20 and 30 kPa is increased by -2.8%, 17.7% and 29.4% respectively in our horizontal tests, and by 13.6%, 6.6% and 32.1% respectively in our depth tests. In these two types of tests, increasing aeration pressure leads to more uniform distributions of the saturation rate (its mean variances are 1.7 and 13.5 respectively). Under aeration pressures of 10, 20 and 30 kPa, the mean deviations in the saturation rate are 0.3, 3.9 and 0.4 respectively in the horizontal tests, and 9.8, 18.4 and 3.4 in the depth tests. Thus, the improved MABR system can achieve better oxygenation effect and better oxygen content uniformity, helping solve the urban river problem of black odorous water.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 75-85 [Abstract] ( 203 ) PDF (1036 KB)  ( 520 )
86 Variations in runoff and sediment load in middle and lower Beijiang River and impacts of cascade reservoirs
HUANG Dong, LI Haibin, LIAN Weihang, LIU Huamei, XU Linchun
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190109
Quantitative research on the reservoir sediment trapping effect is key in revealing the influence of cascade reservoirs on sediment transport. This paper estimates the trapping efficiency through an analysis on the variations in runoff and sediment load in the middle and lower Beijiang recorded at the hydrologic stations on the mainstream and tributaries in the past 60 years. We modify the formula of reservoir trapping efficiency using G. M. Brune’s trapping efficiency curves, and apply it to evaluating the influence of cascade reservoirs on sediment transport. The results show that (1) from the period of 1956-1999 to 2000-2005, Shijiao station manifested a reduction of 39.17% in sediment discharge while a reduction of only 6.16% in annual runoff. In 2000-2005, the total sediment trapped in the reservoirs was about 1.43 million tons per year, or 52.3% of the reduction at Shijiao. To the total sediment reduction, the contribution was 18.83% by the engineering measures for water and soil conservation, and 5.07% by runoff drop. (2) By the modified formula, the sediment trapping efficiency of cascade reservoirs in the 2012-2016 conditions is about 12.81%, which agrees well with the measurement. (3) Since 2006, the amounts of sedimentation and sand mining have nearly balanced in the cascade reservoir area, and we predict that the sediment trapping efficiency of reservoirs will be maintained at the existing level for long in future.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 86-96 [Abstract] ( 166 ) PDF (532 KB)  ( 301 )
97 Development of three-dimensional two-phase mixture model based on SCHISM
HUANG Hai, ZHANG Hongwu, ZHANG Lei, ZHONG Deyu
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190110
Classical fluvial models usually describe suspended sediment-laden flows by directly borrowing the Reynolds equations from the fluid dynamics that are limited to single-phase flows and adding an advection-diffusion equation to calculate suspended load transport. Such models lack the capability of modeling the complicated mechanisms of interphase interaction and particle collisions, thereby suffering from too large prediction errors in the case of large particle sizes or high concentration. A two-phase mixture model is adopted in this study to investigate sediment-laden flows, consider solid-liquid flows as an integrity, and simulate interphase interactions and particle collisions. This new model takes a form very similar to the classical fluvial model, and hence it is easy to insert it in an existing code and apply to practical cases. This paper first summarizes its basic equations, and then recasts them in the form of the SCHISM governing equations for 3D hydrodynamic modeling. Finally, we apply our two-phase mixture model to simulations of fully-developed steady uniform open channel flows, trench observations, and a 2012 real flood event in the Huayuankou-Aishan reach of the Yellow.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 97-110 [Abstract] ( 347 ) PDF (4233 KB)  ( 335 )
111 Optimal design of Qianping reservoir spillway based on hydraulic model tests
ZHU Cuimin, HUANGFU Zehua, HUANGFU Mingxia, ZHAO Yuliang, PENG Guanghua
DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20190111
Previous hydraulic model tests of the Qianping reservoir hub project revealed a reasonable overall design and arrangement of its diversion tunnel, spillway and flood discharge tunnel, a smooth inflow entering the deep water, and a relatively calm water surface across its whole impoundment. No large unfavorable flow patterns were observed in its flood releasing operation, and the capacity of its flood discharge facilities meets the requirements. However, transverse flow deflection occurs in front of the guide walls on the both sides of the spillway inlet and it influences the flow through the spillway sluices, because the spillway, located at the hillside entrance on the left of the dam, is subjected to transverse water flows in the reservoir. To improve the flow pattern, this study conducts scale model tests on six types of the right guide wall, and optimizes the shape of the left guide wall of the recommended scheme under three working conditions. Results show that the optimal scheme is effective and satisfactory.
2019 Vol. 38 (1): 111-120 [Abstract] ( 218 ) PDF (1222 KB)  ( 420 )
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