Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

水力发电学报

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2018 Vol. 37, No. 3 Published: 2018-03-25

	1	Anti-collision in cable crane construction based on integrated GPS-UWB positioning technology
		HE Jun, ZHAO Chunju, ZHOU Yihong, HU Chao
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180301
		Prevention of cable crane collision accidents in high arch dam construction is of great significance. This paper expounds the relation between the cable cranes’ movement and collision preventing measures based on an explanation of the characteristics of cable cranes’ structure, operating mode, and working environment. To meet the location monitor demand in cable crane construction, we conduct an experimental study on the accuracy in crane positioning and the anti-occluding measures, and design an integrated positioning system that combines the GPS and UWB positioning technologies. Then, based on the positioning data, a collision detecting method and a distance and time warning model are developed. Finally, we verify the applicability and reliability of this anti-collision system using model tests, and show that the system is successful in detecting possible collision accidents and issuing timely warnings in cable crane construction.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 196 ) PDF (3045 KB) ( 292 )

	11	Application of ANSYS optimization methods in design of joint closure temperature of arch dams
		MENG Li, MEI Mingrong
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180302
		The ANSYS optimization methods have different computational efficiency for different problems. In this paper, the temperature stress of semi-circular ring in elastic mechanics is taken as an example to study the optimization problem of minimum temperature stress under different inner radii. The accuracy and convergence of different optimization methods are compared by setting three initial temperatures. The results show that the combination of sub-problem method and first-order method is the best. Based on this conclusion, the optimal calculation model of joint closure temperature for arch dam is established, and three methods are selected. The calculation shows that the above - mentioned combination method can obtain the optimal joint closure temperature, and the sub-problem method can meet the requirement under certain conditions.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 11-17 [Abstract] ( 154 ) PDF (416 KB) ( 279 )

	18	Excavation simulation for construction of pumped storage power stations
		WANG Renchao, LI Shipeng, XU Yueming, ZENG Jianping
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180303
		Construction of pumped storage power stations is characterized by complicated topography, narrow construction space, difficult road layout, and mutual restriction between excavation and dam filling. To consider these characteristics, an auxiliary 3D modeling method for excavation is developed through AutoCAD secondary development to obtain the relevant position, shape and blasting parameters of a 3D solid model. And a simulation model for describing the procedure and characteristics of excavating construction of a general pumped storage power station, particularly the relationship of excavation and filling and the influence of topography and slag road, is also presented in this paper. This model is solved and implemented on the Visual Studio C#.Net platform and validated through application to an engineering example, demonstrating its effectiveness and feasibility of excavation simulation.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 18-27 [Abstract] ( 216 ) PDF (1395 KB) ( 467 )

	28	Spatial and temporal features of future changes in water resources in Yellow River basin
		ZHOU Shuai, WANG Yimin, GUO Aijun, ZHANG Ruihan, LIU Qisong
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180304
		This paper presents a trend analysis of Mann-Kendal (M-K) coupled with a persistence analysis of rescaled range analysis (R/S) on the changes in meteorological factors to better understand the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of future water resources changes in the Yellow River basin. The results show that for the middle reach of the river in future, on an annual average, water supply will have an optimistic outlook in its southern region (an area proportion of 5.36%) while the risk in water shortage will increase in the central region (29.42%). In different seasons of a year, the spatial distribution of water supply will be significantly different. Along with seasonal change from spring to winter, both the central and southern regions are becoming increasingly more humid, while the northern region increasingly more arid. In addition, the areas with the same water supply conditions are relatively concentrated.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 28-39 [Abstract] ( 240 ) PDF (2601 KB) ( 388 )

	40	High-performance numerical model for high-resolution urban rainfall-runoff process based on dynamic wave method
		HOU Jingming, WANG Run, LI Guodong, LI Guiyi
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180305
		: Based on the dynamic wave method, a high-performance numerical model for high-resolution urban rainfall-runoff process is presented in this paper. This high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) is in the framework of a Godunov-type finite volume scheme to solve the shallow water equations (SWEs). Aimed at accurate prediction of urban rainfall-runoff and inundation process, it resolves the realistic features of urban terrain and uses a Graphic Processing Units (GPU) parallel computing technique to accelerate calculation. Validation results by modeling the Xixian new area in Shaanxi indicate that our model is reliable and efficient in accurate calculations of all the five inundation spots and gives detailed flow velocities for analysis of the causes of inundation and the pollutant transport process, useful for urban planning and storm water management.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 40-49 [Abstract] ( 300 ) PDF (5973 KB) ( 576 )

	50	Influence of transitional ladder on the hydraulic characteristics of integrated energy dissipator
		DONG Liyan, YANG Jurui, LI Shuzhao
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180306
		Application of energy dissipators combining flaring gate piers, a stepped steep chute and a stilling basin is an effective way of solving the major problems of high-velocity flows that occur on high dams under large discharges per unit width and high working heads. But cavitation damage remains a possible threat to such overflow structures. In this study, we conduct scale model tests on a dissipator of this new type and compare its four design schemes, focusing on the hydraulic characteristics of Y-type flaring gate piers, stepped chutes and stilling basins. Scheme 1 has a steep chute with a regular staircase shape, and schemes 2-4 have a stepped chute section for transition of the step size. The results show that 1) Among the four schemes tested, the time-average pressure on the flip bucket scheme 1 is the highest, 3.3% higher than the other three schemes with a transition section. 2) The transitional shapes of the stepped chute produces greater effect on the negative pressure occurring on the step surface, and its value around the edge of the second step is the largest. The largest negative pressure (-0.33 kPa) of scheme 3 is the lowest of the four schemes. 3) In energy dissipation of all the schemes, the lowest dissipation rate is 51.71% in scheme 1 and the highest 52.77% in scheme 3.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 50-58 [Abstract] ( 148 ) PDF (615 KB) ( 317 )

	59	Sensitivity analysis on SWMM model parameters based on Sobol method
		CHANG Xiaodong, XU Zongxue, ZHAO Gang, LI Huaimin
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180307
		The SWMM model has been widely used in urban rainfall-runoff simulation and design of sponge cities. A quantitative analysis on the parameters of this model is crucial to parameter identification and uncertainty reduction. In this study, a variance-based Sobol method and different accuracy assessment standards are used to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity of the SWMM model parameters in a case study of the Huangtaiqiao catchment under floods of different levels. Results show that (1) the parameters are different in sensitivity when accuracy assessment standard or flood level is varied, indicating a great uncertainty in model parameters. (2) The Nash coefficient depends much on Dstore-Imperv, MinRate, Roughness (rivers), and Roughness (conduits). (3) Interaction between the parameters is frequent in small flood cases, while it diminishes with a trend toward concentration as flood level is raised. (4) The Sobol method, suitable for the sensitivity analysis of urban hydrological models, can provide the sensitivity of each parameter and the interaction between different parameters.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 59-68 [Abstract] ( 612 ) PDF (1878 KB) ( 707 )

	69	Ecosystem health evaluation of Tianjin oyster reef special reserve
		XU Xiaofu, WANG Qunshan, ZHENG Debin, GAO Yan, GUO Biao
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180308
		With dramatic development in the coastal zone of the Dashentang oyster reef marine special reserve in Tianjin, its ecological environment has been facing a serious threat. To describe the accurate and comprehensive condition of ecosystem health in this region, a new ecosystem health evaluation system is constructed in this study fully considering its bioaccumulation of heavy metals by oysters, vulnerability of ecosystem, and high impact of harvesting on the sustainable growth of oysters. And its ecosystem health is evaluated and examined using a comprehensive fuzzy model. The results show that the biological and fishing system in this fast developing region is unhealthy, although its benthic substrate and water quality are in good condition. In temporal and spatial distributions, the ecosystem heath tends to improve from near-shore to off-shore and has been getting better overall over time. This ecosystem health evaluation system is an improvement and supplement to the existing system.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 69-77 [Abstract] ( 203 ) PDF (445 KB) ( 307 )

	78	Improvement on flow and sediment transport by transition curves in 120° channel bend and its 3-D numerical simulations
		WEI Bingqian, PEI Chuankang, GONG Xiuxiu, YAN Pei
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180309
		The curvature of an artificial open channel bend is mostly a constant that is hardly to be matched by the curvature of flow dynamic axis, thereby causing a separation of fluid and solid and the formation of secondary flow. This study adopts two types of transition curves connecting a circular bend section to plane walls at its inlet and outlet in modification of an artificial 120?-turn open channel bend with abrupt curvature changes, and examines the improvement of its flow and sediment transport condition. For this purpose, the MIKE 3 FM hydrodynamic and sediment transport model is used to simulate the 3-D bend flows, focusing on comparison of near bed velocity, variation in water surface, secondary flow, and bed topography between the bends with and without wall transition curves. Results reveal that the transition curve modification is effective in significantly suppressing the development of turbulences in the bend and reducing concave bank erosion and convex bank sediment deposition.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 78-87 [Abstract] ( 190 ) PDF (1779 KB) ( 365 )

	88	Optimization of governor power mode for hydro-turbine units with slope ceiling tail tunnels
		FU Liang
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180310
		This paper analyses the transient process of hydro-turbine units with slope ceiling tail tunnels under primary frequency regulation and load regulation in governor power mode through field measurement and numerical simulation, and presents a simulation method based on three-zone modelling of small flow fluctuations in the tail tunnels. We derive the governing equations of the transient process, construct a simulation model of hydro-turbine regulators in governor power mode, and verify it using PLC program governor identification and the measured data. Aimed at the hydro-turbine unit with a slope ceiling tail tunnel, a "slow-fast-slow" three-stage regulation method for improving power mode dynamic quality is developed to reduce power anti-regulation values, increase power regulation speed and ensure operation stability. The strategy and parameters of governor power regulation are optimized using numerical simulations. Results show that through optimization, the power regulation is speeded up obviously, the power anti-regulation value is decreased, and the hydro-turbine transient process of primary frequency regulation and load regulation under the governor power mode is improved significantly.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 88-95 [Abstract] ( 149 ) PDF (659 KB) ( 258 )

	96	Transient characteristics of cavitation in low specific speed centrifugal pumps
		WU Denghao, WU Zhenxing, ZHOU Peijian, MOU Jiegang, GU Yunqing, CHEN Ying
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180311
		Cavitation bubbles are easy to block the long, narrow inlet passage of a low specific speed centrifugal pump and always induce severe noise and vibration, thus imposing significant influence on its operational safety and stability. In this study, unsteady cavitating flows in a centrifugal pump at a specific speed of 45 are simulated using a RNG k-ε turbulence model and a Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model. We have well predicted the NPSH-head curves of the pump in various working conditions with a good agreement with the experimental results and obtained the full flow fields and the characteristics of unsteady cavitation bubbles in the pump. Results show that these bubbles behavior differently in different pump working conditions. At a low flow rate (0.8Qd), cavitation bubbles in each impellor passage show an obviously periodic cycle, which is characterized by three stages of shrink, stabilization and expansion at NPSH = 4.75 m, while by four stages of stabilization, split, growth and shrink at NPSH = 3.61 m. At the rated flow (1.0Qd) cavitation bubbles in the impellor passages are relatively periodic and uniformly distributed, while at a larger flow rate (1.2Qd) they are nonuniform showing an alternative passage blocking phenomenon. As the flow rate is increasing, the radial force on the impeller is distributed in a regular five-pointed star shape until cavitation is started, and along with the development of cavitation it develops into disordered patterns owing to the asymmetrical distribution of cavitation spots over the impeller.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 96-105 [Abstract] ( 220 ) PDF (4833 KB) ( 440 )

	106	Experimental study on deformation characteristics of rockfill materials under cyclic loading of spherical stress
		ZHANG Yanyi, DENG Gang, WEN Yanfeng, XU Zeping, YU Shu, ZHAO Zhiyi
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180312
		During periodic rise and fall in reservoir water level, the state of rockfill materials shows a basically constant deviatoric stress and a cyclic change in spherical stress. To investigate the deformation characteristics of rockfill materials under cyclic loading of spherical stress, a series of triaxial tests under the stress path of low-speed cyclic variations in spherical stress are conducted in this study by increasing or decreasing this stress through controlling pore water pressure. Results show that volumetric strain is increased with the decreasing spherical stress, and decreased with the increasing spherical stress. Generally, with cyclic times increasing, the materials show a trend of volume shrinkage, but the cumulative volumetric strain changes little. The development in shear strain is significantly affected by stress conditions. Effective shear strain increases slowly or increases suddenly in the first cycle times when spherical stress is reduced, while it increases slowly when effective spherical stress is increased. Cumulative shear strain is related to the initial stress ratio and the dynamic stress ratio during the test. The materials may likely have a “state-turning line” that is similar to the critical state line and falls below it. The state of a material will change significantly when its stress lies in the zone between this “state-turning line” and the critical state line.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 106-112 [Abstract] ( 112 ) PDF (541 KB) ( 340 )

	113	Design and simulation of 2 kW hydraulic power take-off system for wave power generation
		YUE Xuhui, CHEN Qijuan, XU Zhixiang, YU Hang, YE Zhou
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20180313
		The power take-off (PTO) system is an important element of a wave energy converter (WEC). This paper presents a novel hydraulic PTO system for wave power generation that is equipped with a speed-regulating valve and relief valve to regulate its working flow and power output. Then, a 2 kW hydraulic PTO system of this type is designed and numerically simulated in AMESim to verify its feasibility. Simulation results show that under the design wave condition, this system produces a continuous, steady power output of 2 kW and 50 Hz through stabilizing the output voltage and current effectively by the accumulator, stabilizing the oil pressure and flow by timely oil supply from the oil tank, and imposing flow "rectification" by the check valves. Under large wave conditions, it can also keep a 2 kW steady power output, with the throttling of its speed-regulating valve and the overflowing of its relief valve. Thus, our hydraulic PTO system for wave power generation is technically feasible.
		2018 Vol. 37 (3): 113-120 [Abstract] ( 153 ) PDF (917 KB) ( 369 )