Abstract: Based on an analysis of real stress in concrete specimens, mechanisms of inertia and viscosity effects on the dynamic properties of concrete material are discussed in this paper. The inertia effect under dynamic loading is identified using methods of single degree of freedom and multi-degree of freedom through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation; the viscosity effect is examined on the basis of viscous action of free water in concrete. We also analyze and discuss the empirical formula for calculating the increase in concrete strength under dynamic loading, the phenomena of aggregate fracture and multi-crack failure observed in dynamic experiments, and other factors such as concrete strength and initial static load, so as to help conduct laboratory dynamic experiments more effectively and obtain more accurate parameters for structure dynamic analysis.