Abstract: For roller compaction of a dam with asphalt concrete core, the existing construction simulation has a low reliability since it takes into consideration only the compaction efficiency of rolling machinery, with no on-site construction data being integrated into the model. To overcome such a shortage, this paper presents a simulation model that incorporates the real-time monitoring data of on-site rolling process. This model uses parameters that are calculated from the monitored data and their mathematical statistics to better describe the actual construction. Combining these parameters with a discrete event simulation method, a construction simulation model has been developed for roller compaction of a dam with asphalt concrete core. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation is adopted to calculate the rolling compaction duration of filling-units and the qualified rate of compacted sections. This new simulation model has been verified through confidence test in a case study of a rock-fill dam with asphalt concrete core under construction in Southwest China, and the sensitivity of its simulation parameters examined by a local sensitivity analysis method. The present study would provide a technical support for schedule control and management of dam construction.