Abstract: In recent years, large-scale implementation of water and soil conservation measures have caused marked changes in the runoff and sediment conditions of the Wei River and thus it is significant to analyze these changes. For this basin, its runoff and sediment data observed from 1960 to 2010 were analyzed in this study using a moving average method and the Mann-Kendall method for its evolution characteristics in runoff, sediment, and runoff-sediment relationship. The results show that the distribution of runoff and sediment within a year is very uneven and runoff and the annual water and sediment transports take a significantly downward trend. A correlation analysis reveals average decreasing rates of -1.2163×108 m3/yr in runoff and -0.0742×108 t/yr in sediment transport. Besides the mild trend, this observation record sees a mutation in 1989 for runoff and in 2002 for sediment transport. Generally, a positive correlation is found between the annual runoff and sediment transport and its coefficient in flood season is greater than that in non-flood season, but with a quite different correlativity in different periods. Human activities impact on runoff-sediment relationship by changing underlying conditions. This is the reason why the runoff and sediment changes in 1984 and 2002 appears on the double cumulative curves.