关键词: 梯级大坝, 水温, 累积效应, 鱼类产卵时间, 生态效应

Abstract: Cascade hydropower development disrupts the continuity of natural river water temperature, leading to a significant cumulative effect on the temperature and a series of ecological effects. This study examines the water temperature along the lower Jinsha River and in the Three Gorges reservoir area , and reveals its spatial and temporal variations on different scales before and after dam construction and the cumulative effects. The impact of water temperature changes on fish spawning is also discussed. The results show that after the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba dams were constructed, the annual mean water temperature difference along the lower Jinsha becomes smaller; along the river, the annual highest temperature at the hydrological stations shows a decreasing trend, while the annual lowest is significantly elevated, especially in January and December. After the construction, the annual temperature variation is reduced, and the time period featuring water temperature distribution has a trend of ‘convergence’－the days of water temperature distribution changed from M-type to V-type. An examination on the cumulative effect indicator finds that after dam construction, a significant time crowding effect occurs－a lag time in the extreme water temperature, water temperature delayed up to 1 - 2 months, the fish of 48% and 44% affected to a high degree at the Panzhihua section and the section downstream of Xiangjiaba dam respectively－thereby affecting severely the fish spawning and reproduction in the downstream and the fish protection sections. The study demonstrates the cumulative effects of water temperature impacted by cascade dam construction and its impact on fish spawning, laying a basis to enhance the role of temperature changes caused by large-scale cascade dams and the downstream ecological restoration.

Key words: cascade dams, water temperature, cumulative effect, spawning time, ecological effect