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水力发电学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 47-58.doi: 10.11660/slfdxb.20240905

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中国大中型水库多尺度空间格局及影响因素分析

  

  • 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-09-25

Analysis of multi-scale spatial patterns and influencing factors of large- and medium-size reservoirs in China

  • Online:2024-09-25 Published:2024-09-25

摘要: 大中型水库是水力发电的关键基础,研究其空间分布对水资源调配和碳减排具有重要意义。基于中国4748座大中型水库,运用空间分析方法从多个尺度深入探索其空间格局特征及影响因素。结果表明:中国大中型水库整体呈“多核中心、环带分布”的空间分布结构;全局莫兰指数为0.155,具有明显的空间关联特征。湘、粤、鄂三省大中型水库数量最多,占全国总数24.26%;在第三阶梯、年降雨量800 mm以上分布均超过50%以上,在山地、丘陵地貌类型与长江流域分布数量最多;胡焕庸人口分界线东南一侧占比达80.674%;在中国东、中、西三大经济带上具有“西多东少,东聚西散”的分布特征。空间分布格局主要受水资源总量、相关法律法规、固定资产投资等因素影响。

关键词: 中国, 大中型水库, 多尺度, 空间格局, 影响因素, 国家水网

Abstract: Large- and medium-size reservoirs are the key foundation for hydropower generation. Studying their spatial distribution is of great significance to water resource allocation and carbon emission reduction. Based on 4748 such reservoirs in China, the spatial pattern characteristics and influencing factors were deeply explored from multiple scales by using spatial analysis method. The results show that these reservoirs have a general spatial distribution structure of multi-core center and ring distribution. The global Moran index is 0.155, indicating the characteristics of obvious spatial correlation. Hunan, Guangdong and Hubei are the provinces with the largest number of large and medium-sized reservoirs, accounting for 24.3% of the national total. More than 50% are located in the third tier with annual rainfall above 800 mm, and the larger number of reservoirs are distributed over the mountain and hill topography and the Yangtze River Basin. The number on the southeast side to the Hu Huanyong's population dividing line accounts for 80.7%; the eastern, middle and western economic belts feature a distribution of more in west and less in east, gathering in east and scattered in west. The spatial pattern is mainly affected by the amount of water resources, relevant laws and regulations, fixed asset investment, and other factors.

Key words: China, large and medium-size reservoirs, multi-scale, spatial pattern, influencing factors, National Water Network

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