Abstract: Construction safety issue is always a public concern, but so far, construction workers as the main
subject of construction safety have been rarely taken as research object. To explore in-depth the key factors
affecting their safety behavior, a survey of construction workers in hydroelectric construction enterprise was
conducted. Through analysis of exploratory and confirmatory factors, the workers' answers to 21 questions
are attributed to three main factors: safety guarantee and care, enterprise safety management, their feeling on
job. Furthermore, concrete policy and management measures on how to effectively supervise construction
workers’ safety behavior and how to reduce construction safety accident casualty rate are recommended to
government safety management departments and management of construction enterprises.