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水力发电学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 82-90.doi: 10.11660/slfdxb.20170909

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梯形喉口无喉道量水槽水力性能试验研究

  

  • 出版日期:2017-09-25 发布日期:2017-09-25

Hydraulic performance experiment of trapezoidal cut-throated flume in trapezoidal channel

  • Online:2017-09-25 Published:2017-09-25

摘要: 为探究梯形喉口无喉道量水槽在末级梯形渠道量水中的适用性,本文根据梯形渠道断面几何特性,设计了一种新型的梯形喉口无喉道量水槽。通过对梯形渠道上喉口收缩率范围为0.4 ~ 0.7的梯形喉口无喉道量水槽分别在12种流量(15 ~ 72 L/s)共48种自由出流工况下进行水力性能试验,观测了15个控制断面的水深,得到了水面线的变化规律。通过对过槽流量与收缩率、上游水位等之间的相关性分析,拟合得出流量公式,并对佛汝德数沿程变化规律,上游壅水情况,量水精度以及水头损失进行了分析。结果表明:在自由出流条件下,喉口收缩率超过0.6时,流量小于16 L/s时未形成临界流;实测流量与计算流量之间最大相对误差为9.15%,喉口收缩率范围在0.4 ~ 0.6时最大相对误差则为4.79%;上游壅水高度最大为6.06 cm,喉口收缩率范围为0.5 ~ 0.7时,上游壅水高度最大为3.15 cm(小于5 cm);水头损失最大为占上游总水头的20%,当喉口收缩率范围为0.5 ~ 0.7时,水头损失平均为占上游总水头的4%左右(比相同收缩率时矩形喉口量水槽水头损失小)。综合分析表明,梯形喉口无喉道量水槽的喉口收缩率为0.5 ~ 0.6时适合末级梯形渠道量水,该研究为梯形喉口无喉道量水槽进一步在我国北方末级梯形渠系应用提供参考。

Abstract: Applicability of trapezoidal cut-throated flumes to flow measurement in terminal trapezoidal channels was preliminarily explored in this work. Considering the geometrics of trapezoidal sections, we designed trapezoidal throat throat and experimentally tested it in trapezoidal cut-throated flumes of different throat contraction ratios (0.4-0.7) under different discharges (15-72 L/s), examining the hydraulic performance of the flows under 48 free flow working conditions. Water level was measured at 15 cross sections and variation in water surface profile was obtained; based on the principle of critical flow, dependency of the flume discharge on various factors was examined and a discharge formula was established. And we analyzed the longitudinal variations in Froude number, backwater depth and head loss, along with the precision of measurements. Results show that under free flow conditions, no critical flow will occur when the throat contraction ratio is larger than 0.6 and the channel flow rate lower than 16 L/s. When the contraction ratio is in the range of 0.4-0.6, the formula has a satisfactory accuracy of relative error within 4.8%; when in the range of 0.5-0.7, the backwater height is less than 3.15 cm and the average head loss is about 4% of the working head. A comprehensive analysis reveals that the contraction ratio of 0.5-0.6 is a suitable range for flow measurement and this new device would be useful for the irrigation systems in North China.

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